Seed Priming with Devosia sp. Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) and Citrus Bioflavonoids Enhance Canola and Soybean Seed Germination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of Flavonoids on Seed Germination of Canola and Soybean
2.1.1. Canola Seed Germination
2.1.2. Soybean Seed Germination
2.2. Effects of Cell-Free Supernatant on Seed Germination of Canola and Soybean
2.2.1. Canola Seed Germination
2.2.2. Soybean SEED Germination
2.3. Effects of Flavonoids and CFS Mixtures on Seed Germination of Canola and Soybean
2.3.1. Canola Seed Germination
2.3.2. Soybean Seed Germination
3. Discussion
3.1. Flavopriming
3.2. Cell-Free Supernatant
3.3. Combined Application of Flavonoids and CFS
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Flavonoids
4.1.1. Preparation of Flavonoid Solution for Seed Treatment
4.1.2. Seed Preparation and Priming
4.1.3. Experimental Design and Treatments
4.2. Cell-Free Supernatant
4.2.1. Propagation of Bacteria and CFS Extraction
4.2.2. Experimental Design and Treatments
4.3. Flavonoids and Cell-Free Supernatant Combined
4.4. Data Collection
4.5. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Canola | Soybean | ||
---|---|---|---|
Flavonoid Levels | Salt Stress (NaCl) Levels | Flavonoid Levels | Salt Stress (NaCl) Levels |
|
|
|
|
Experimental Units (Seed Germination-Cell-Free Supernatant) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Canola | Soybean | ||
Unstressed | Stressed (NaCl) | Unstressed | Stressed (NaCl) |
Control—I | Control—I | Control—I | Control—I |
(Unprimed) | 150 mM NaCl (Unprimed) | (Unprimed) | 100 mM NaCl (Unprimed) |
Control—II | Control—II | Control—II | Control—II |
(hydroprimed) | 150 mM NaCl (hydroprimed) | (hydroprimed) | 100mM NaCl (hydroprimed) |
CFS 1:50 | CFS 1:50 + 150 mM NaCl | CFS 1:50 | CFS 1:50 + 100 mM NaCl |
CFS 1:100 | CFS 1:100 + 150 mM NaCl | CFS 1:100 | CFS 1:100 + 100 mM NaCl |
CFS 1:250 | CFS 1:250 + 150 mM NaCl | CFS 1:250 | CFS 1:250 + 100 mM NaCl |
CFS 1:500 | CFS 1:500 + 150 mM NaCl | CFS 1:500 | CFS 1:500 + 100 mM NaCl |
CFS 1:1000 | CFS 1:1000 + 150 mM NaCl | CFS 1:1000 | CFS 1:1000 + 100 mM NaCl |
Experimental Units (Seed Germination-Flavonoids and Cell-Free Supernatant Combined) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Canola | Soybean | ||
Unstressed | Stressed (NaCl) | Unstressed | Stressed (NaCl) |
Control—I | Control—I | Control—I | Control—I |
(Unprimed) | 150 mM NaCl (Unprimed) | (Unprimed) | 100 mM NaCl (Unprimed) |
Control—II | Control—II | Control—II | Control—II |
(hydroprimed) | 150 mM NaCl (hydroprimed) | (hydroprimed) | 100 mM NaCl (hydroprimed) |
4.5 µL + CFS 1:50 | 4.5 µL + CFS 1:50 (150 mM NaCl) | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:50 | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:50 + 100 mM NaCl |
4.5 µL + CFS 1:100 | 4.5 µL + CFS 1:100 (150 mM NaCl) | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:100 | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:100 + 100 mM NaCl |
4.5 µL + CFS 1:250 | 4.5 µL + CFS 1:250 (150 mM NaCl) | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:250 | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:250 + 100 mM NaCl |
4.5 µL + CFS 1:500 | 4.5 µL + CFS 1:500 (150 mM NaCl) | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:500 | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:500 + 100 mM NaCl |
4.5 µL + CFS 1:1000 | 4.5 µL + CFS 1:1000 (150 mM NaCl) | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:1000 | 1.0 µL + CFS 1:1000 + 100 mM NaCl |
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Shah, A.; Subramanian, S.; Smith, D.L. Seed Priming with Devosia sp. Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) and Citrus Bioflavonoids Enhance Canola and Soybean Seed Germination. Molecules 2022, 27, 3410. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113410
Shah A, Subramanian S, Smith DL. Seed Priming with Devosia sp. Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) and Citrus Bioflavonoids Enhance Canola and Soybean Seed Germination. Molecules. 2022; 27(11):3410. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113410
Chicago/Turabian StyleShah, Ateeq, Sowmyalakshmi Subramanian, and Donald L. Smith. 2022. "Seed Priming with Devosia sp. Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) and Citrus Bioflavonoids Enhance Canola and Soybean Seed Germination" Molecules 27, no. 11: 3410. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113410