rGO-WO3 Heterostructure: Synthesis, Characterization and Utilization as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Levofloxacin in an Aqueous Phase
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of rGO-WO3 Heterostructure
2.3. Characterization
2.4. Adsorptive Removal of LVX Using rGO-WO3 Heterostructure
2.5. Application of the Prepared rGO-WO3 Heterostructure for Removal of LVX in Real Water Samples
2.6. Stability and Reusability of rGO-WO3 Adsorbent
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphological, Structural, Thermal and Optical Characterizations
3.2. Utilization of the Synthesized rGO-WO3 Heterostructure as an Adsorbent for the Removal of LVX from Water
3.3. Application of the Prepared rGO-WO3 Heterostructure for Removal of LVX in Real Water Samples
3.4. Stability and Reusability Studies
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kinetic Parameters | Concentration | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudo-First-Order | 10 mg/L | 20 mg/L | 30 mg/L | 40 mg/L | 50 mg/L |
R2 | 0.621 | 0.733 | 0.529 | 0.779 | 0.771 |
k1 | −0.067 | −0.143 | −0.091 | −0.081 | −0.079 |
qe(exp)(mg/g) | 3.25 | 8.66 | 6.59 | 16.04 | 19.43 |
qe(cal)(mg/g) | 18.24 | 31.88 | 45.79 | 59.57 | 70.47 |
Pseudo-second-order | |||||
R2 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.999 |
k2 | 0.101 | 0.079 | 0.069 | 0.018 | 0.018 |
qe(exp)(mg/g) | 18.18 | 31.25 | 45.45 | 58.82 | 71.43 |
qe(cal)(mg/g) | 18.24 | 31.88 | 45.79 | 59.57 | 70.47 |
Intraparticle diffusion model | |||||
R2 | 0.425 | 0.393 | 0.370 | 0.454 | 0.446 |
k3 | 1.442 | 2.456 | 3.461 | 4.728 | 5.622 |
cip | 8.813 | 15.917 | 23.389 | 27.467 | 33.160 |
ΔG (kJ/mol) (303 K) | ΔG (kJ/mol) (308) K | ΔG (kJ/mol) (313 K) | ΔH (kJ/mol) | ΔS (kJ/mol.K) |
---|---|---|---|---|
−17.05743 | −15.18116 | −13.5691 | −110.975355 | −310.823546 |
Langmuir | Freundlich | Redlich-Peterson | Jossen |
---|---|---|---|
R2 = 0.99033 | R2 = 0.96044 | R2 = 0.98928 | R2 = 0.93325 |
qL (mg/g) = 73.05 | KF (mg/g) = 36.234 | β = 0.65575 | FJ = 0.03286 |
b (L/mg) = 1.68 | n = 4.066 | A = 23.449 | HJ = 51.125 |
Adsorbent | Adsorption Conditions | Specific Surface Area (m2/g) | Concentration (mg/L) | Adsorption Capacity (mg/g) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural zeolite | 0.5 g/L, 25 °C, pH 6.5, 180 rpm, 2 h | - | 5–50 | 22.17 | [66] |
Magnetic nanoparticles | 1 g/L, 240 min, pH 6.5 | - | 2.5–20 | 6.848 | [67] |
ZIF-8-derived hollow carbon | 5 mg, pH 7, 1000 rpm | 807.56 | 5–40 | 227.8 | [68] |
WCM 315 | 2 g/L 24 h, 125 rpm | 2.70 | 15–150 | 7.38 | [69] |
WCM 330 | 2 g/L 24 h, 125 rpm | 2.65 | 15–150 | 20.4 | [69] |
WCM 615 | 2 g/L 24 h, 125 rpm | 266 | 15–150 | 14.8 | [69] |
WCM 630 | 2 g/L 24 h, 125 rpm | 225 | 25–200 | 25.2 | [69] |
Iron-pillared montmorillonite | 0.5 g/L, 48 h, 45 °C, pH 7 | 127 | 20–100 | 56.66 | [70] |
Wood chip biochar | 10 g/L, 24 h, 30 °C, pH 6.5 | 312 | 30–200 | 7.72 | [71] |
Rice husk biochar | 10 g/L, 24 h, 30 °C, pH 8.0 | 168 | 15–150 | 4.99 | [71] |
UiO-66/CA | 0.32 g wet beads, pH 7, room temperature 150 rpm | 549.33 | 10–1000 | 86.43 | [72] |
Zr-modified corn bracts | 2 g/L, pH 7, 240 rpm | 2.953 | 100–550 | 73.10 | [73] |
WLC | 1 g/L, 24 h, 30 °C, pH 6.5, 125 rpm | - | 15–150 | 14.2 | [61] |
WHC | 1 g/L, 24 h, 30 °C, pH 6.5, 125 rpm | - | 25–200 | 73.0 | [61] |
Granular activated carbon | 0.15 g/L, 24 h, 30 °C, pH 9 | - | 50–250 | 100.38 | [74] |
rGO/WO3 | 0.45 g/L, 80 min, 35 °C, pH 4, 200 rpm | 48.823 | 10–50 | 73.05 | This work |
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Kaur, M.; Singh, S.; Mehta, S.K.; Kansal, S.K. rGO-WO3 Heterostructure: Synthesis, Characterization and Utilization as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Levofloxacin in an Aqueous Phase. Molecules 2022, 27, 6956. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206956
Kaur M, Singh S, Mehta SK, Kansal SK. rGO-WO3 Heterostructure: Synthesis, Characterization and Utilization as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Levofloxacin in an Aqueous Phase. Molecules. 2022; 27(20):6956. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206956
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaur, Manjot, Shafali Singh, Surinder Kumar Mehta, and Sushil Kumar Kansal. 2022. "rGO-WO3 Heterostructure: Synthesis, Characterization and Utilization as an Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Levofloxacin in an Aqueous Phase" Molecules 27, no. 20: 6956. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27206956