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Review

Nitrification Progress of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds: A Review

by
Yiming Luo
1,2,†,
Wanwan Zheng
3,†,
Xuanjun Wang
1,* and
Fei Shen
1,2
1
High-Tech Institute of Xi’an, Xi’an 710025, China
2
Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
3
School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2022, 27(5), 1465; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051465
Submission received: 16 January 2022 / Revised: 17 February 2022 / Accepted: 18 February 2022 / Published: 22 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Organic Chemistry)
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Abstract

As a momentous energetic group, a nitro group widely exists in high-energy-density materials (HEDMs), such as trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitramine (RDX), etc. The nitro group has a significant effect on improving the oxygen balance and detonation performances of energetic materials (EMs). Moreover, the nitro group is a strong electron-withdrawing group, and it can increase the acidity of the acidic hydrogen-containing nitrogen-rich energetic compounds to facilitate the construction of energetic ionic salts. Thus, it is possible to design nitro-nitrogen-rich energetic compounds with adjustable properties. In this paper, the nitration methods of azoles, including imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, and oxadiazole, as well as azines, including pyrazine, pyridazine, triazine, and tetrazine, have been concluded. Furthermore, the prospect of the future development of nitrogen-rich heterocyclic energetic compounds has been stated, so as to provide references for researchers who are engaged in the synthesis of EMs.
Keywords: nitro group; nitration; nitrogen rich heterocycle; energetic materials nitro group; nitration; nitrogen rich heterocycle; energetic materials

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MDPI and ACS Style

Luo, Y.; Zheng, W.; Wang, X.; Shen, F. Nitrification Progress of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds: A Review. Molecules 2022, 27, 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051465

AMA Style

Luo Y, Zheng W, Wang X, Shen F. Nitrification Progress of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds: A Review. Molecules. 2022; 27(5):1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051465

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luo, Yiming, Wanwan Zheng, Xuanjun Wang, and Fei Shen. 2022. "Nitrification Progress of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds: A Review" Molecules 27, no. 5: 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051465

APA Style

Luo, Y., Zheng, W., Wang, X., & Shen, F. (2022). Nitrification Progress of Nitrogen-Rich Heterocyclic Energetic Compounds: A Review. Molecules, 27(5), 1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051465

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