A Recyclable Polypropylene Multilayer Film Maintaining the Quality and the Aroma of Coffee Pods during Their Shelf Life
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Oxygen in Coffee Pod Headspace
2.2. Moisture in Coffee Pods
2.3. Fat and Peroxide Values in Coffee Pods
2.4. Volatile Organic Compounds in Coffee Pods
2.5. pH and Titratable Acidity of Extracted Coffee
2.6. Acceptability of Extracted Coffee
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Chemicals
3.2. Samples
3.3. Percentage of Oxygen during Shelf Life
3.4. Moisture Determination
3.5. Fat Extraction
3.6. Determination of Peroxide Value (PV)
3.7. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
3.8. pH and Titratable Acidity in the Extracted Coffee
3.9. Sensory Evaluation of Extracted Coffee
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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25 °C | 40 °C | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time (Months) | STD | REC | STD | REC |
0 | 1.15 ± 0.09 | 1.21 ± 0.10 | 1.18 ± 0.07 | 1.17 ± 0.11 |
3 | 1.75 ± 0.11 | 1.68 ± 0.09 | 1.64 ± 0.09 | 1.56 ± 0.10 |
6 | 2.05 ± 0.13 | 1.99 ± 0.08 | 1.85 ± 0.11 | 1.81 ± 0.07 |
9 | 2.33 ± 0.09 | 2.15 ± 0.11 | 2.01 ± 0.06 | 1.98 ± 0.09 |
12 | 2.51 ± 0.10 | 2.37 ± 0.12 | 2.14 ± 0.10 | 2.11 ± 0.08 |
Time (Months) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STD | REC | STD | REC | STD | REC | |||
Σ Furans | 43.36 ± 0.29 a | 43.38 ± 1.03 a | 41.85 ± 0.34 a | 37.14 ± 1.04 b | 35.61 ± 0.93 a | 32.65 ± 2.54 b | 37.03 ± 0.56 a | 35.44 ± 0.74 b |
2-Furanmethanol | 28.66 ± 0.19 a | 28.25 ± 0.97 a | 27.97 ± 0.30 a | 21.80 ± 1.32 b | 23.40 ± 0.11 a | 21.30 ± 0.25 b | 23.47 ± 0.55 a | 21.54 ± 0.75 a |
2-Furanmethanol acetate | 5.18 ± 0.10 a | 5.32 ± 0.05 a | 5.13 ± 0.03 c | 6.43 ± 0.09 a | 4.69 ± 0.44 a | 5.16 ± 0.14 a | 5.2 ± 0.07 a | 4.12 ± 0.10 b |
Furfural | 3.03 ± 0.03 b | 3.63 ± 0.01 a | 2.91 ± 0.26 a | 2.69 ± 0.03 a | 2.77 ± 0.14 a | 3.09 ± 0.06 a | 2.67 ± 0.08 b | 3.82 ± 0.02 a |
Dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanone | 0.38 ± 0.01 a | 0.39 ± 0.02 a | 0.48 ± 0.14 a | 0.73 ± 0.06 a | 0.39 ± 0.06 a | 0.52 ± 0.11 a | 0.56 ± 0.02 a | 0.53 ± 0.04 a |
5-methyl-Furfural | 3.10 ± 0.02 a | 3.10 ± 0.03 a | 3.11 ± 0.13 a | 3.12 ± 0.02 a | 2.24 ± 0.83 a | 0.34 ± 0.02 a | 3.17 ± 0.06 a | 2.51 ± 0.06 b |
2,2′-Methylenebisfuran | 2.34 ± 0.01 a | 2.07 ± 0.03 b | 1.51 ± 0.06 b | 1.71 ± 0.21 b | 1.26 ± 0.01 a | 1.38 ± 0.14 a | 1.50 ± 0.05 b | 2.31 ± 0.26 a |
2-Furancarboxylic acid | 0.39 ± 0.02 b | 0.46 ± 0.02 a | 0.30 ± 0.02 a | 0.37 ± 0.06 a | 0.39 ± 0.13 a | 0.52 ± 0.09 a | 0.30 ± 0.02 a | 0.34 ± 0.01 a |
Furan, 2-(methoxymethyl)- | 0.28 ± 0.03 a | 0.16 ± 0.01 b | 0.44 ± 0.10 a | 0.29 ± 0.01 a | 0.47 ± 0.11 a | 0.34 ± 0.18 a | 0.16 ± 0.02 a | 0.27 ± 0.07 a |
Σ Pyrazines | 30.10 ± 0.24 a | 30.34 ± 0.83 a | 31.25 ± 1.43 a | 33.19 ± 0.51 a | 33.42 ± 0.22 a | 33.25 ± 0.59 a | 31.22 ± 0.47 a | 30.12 ± 0.52 a |
2-Methylpyrazine | 4.95 ± 0.04 b | 5.54 ± 0.07 a | 5.91 ± 1.43 a | 6.00 ± 0.10 a | 6.60 ± 0.08 a | 5.53 ± 0.11 c | 5.71 ± 1.71 a | 4.49 ± 0.49 a |
2,5 dimethylpyrazine | 8.33 ± 0.02 b | 9.34 ± 0.10 a | 8.42 ± 0.23 b | 9.95 ± 0.40 a | 8.78 ± 0.17 a | 9.42 ± 0.27 a | 9.57 ± 0.01 a | 8.6 ± 0.25 b |
ethyl pyrazine | 3.43 ± 0.40 a | 3.34 ± 0.24 a | 3.64 ± 0.13 a | 3.56 ± 0.14 a | 3.42 ± 0.40 a | 3.12 ± 0.08 a | 3.64 ± 0.13 a | 3.31 ± 0.23 a |
3,5 dimethylpyrazine | 0.60 ± 0.07 a | 0.39 ± 0.08 a | 0.72 ± 0.09 a | 0.72 ± 0.10 a | 0.82 ± 0.01 a | 0.81 ± 0.01 a | 0.84 ± 0.07 a | 0.83 ± 0.08 a |
2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine | 2.83 ± 0.09 a | 2.84 ± 0.01 a | 2.65 ± 0.34 b | 3.84 ± 0.04 a | 3.17 ± 0.54 a | 3.79 ± 0.34 a | 3.01 ± 0.85 a | 2.53 ± 0.11 a |
2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine | 4.08 ± 0.12 a | 2.97 ± 0.46 a | 4.73 ± 0.23 a | 3.42 ± 0.13 b | 4.96 ± 0.10 a | 5.07 ± 0.06 a | 3.26 ± 0.10 b | 4.71 ± 0.12 a |
3-Methoxy-2-isopropylpyrazine | 1.26 ± 0.02 a | 1.27 ± 0.07 a | 1.20 ± 0.11 a | 0.86 ± 0.06 b | 1.06 ± 0.07 ab | 1.01 ± 0.01 b | 1.07 ± 0.06 a | 1.17 ± 0.06 a |
2,5-Dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine | 2.80 ± 0.02 b | 2.93 ± 0.01 a | 2.76 ± 0.05 a | 3.21 ± 0.21 a | 2.91 ± 0.26 a | 2.87 ± 0.18 a | 2.68 ± 0.07 a | 2.76 ± 0.08 a |
Isopropenylpyrazine | 0.82 ± 0.05 a | 0.82 ± 0.01 a | 0.74 ± 0.08 a | 0.83 ± 0.11 a | 0.80 ± 0.03 a | 0.91 ± 0.09 a | 0.97 ± 0.41 a | 0.74 ± 0.08 a |
5-Methyl-6,7dihydro5-Hcyclopentapyrazine | 0.63 ± 0.03 a | 0.63 ± 0.01 a | 0.29 ± 0.06 a | 0.45 ± 0.15 a | 0.41 ± 0.02 a | 0.39 ± 0.12 a | 0.28 ± 0.04 b | 0.41 ± 0.03 a |
2-methyl-5-(1-propenyl) Pyrazine | 0.37 ± 0.04 ab | 0.27 ± 0.01 b | 0.19 ± 0.04 a | 0.35 ± 0.07 a | 0.49 ± 0.16 a | 0.33 ± 0.16 a | 0.19 ± 0.03 b | 0.565 ± 0.05 a |
Σ Pyridines | 4.86 ± 0.14 b | 5.62 ± 0.11 a | 6.32 ± 0.10 a | 5.32 ± 0.43 b | 6.28 ± 0.12 a | 5.52 ± 0.29 a | 6.08 ± 0.45 a | 5.39 ± 0.13 a |
Pyridine | 3.60 ± 0.16 b | 4.30 ± 0.12 a | 5.53 ± 0.55 a | 4.62 ± 0.09 a | 5.18 ± 0.02 a | 4.48 ± 0.24 b | 5.52 ± 0.56 a | 4.59 ± 0.26 a |
Pyridine, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl- | 0.95 ± 0.01 c | 1.00 ± 0.01 b | 0.58 ± 0.45 a | 0.39 ± 0.08 a | 0.72 ± 0.04 a | 0.62 ± 0.11 a | 0.36 ± 0.13 a | 0.48 ± 0.11 a |
Pyridine, 3-ethyl | 0.31 ± 0.08 a | 0.32 ± 0.01 a | 0.21 ± 0.01 b | 0.31 ± 0.03 a | 0.38 ± 0.10 a | 0.42 ± 0.05 a | 0.2 ± 0.01 b | 0.32 ± 0.02 a |
Σ Ketones | 5.82 ± 0.49 a | 6.56 ± 0.28 a | 5.55 ± 0.34 b | 7.23 ± 0.39 a | 6.02 ± 0.65 a | 7.16 ± 0.89 a | 7.08 ± 0.49 a | 6.97 ± 0.22 a |
Acetone | 0.66 ± 0.01 b | 1.11 ± 0.01 a | 0.89 ± 0.04 a | 0.89 ± 0.08 a | 1.17 ± 0.01 a | 1.18 ± 0.06 a | 1.33 ± 0.01 b | 1.48 ± 0.06 a |
1-(Acetyloxy)-2-propanone | 3.42 ± 0.23 a | 3.92 ± 0.01 a | 3.23 ± 0.06 b | 5.06 ± 0.20 a | 3.96 ± 0.57 a | 4.57 ± 0.32 a | 4.16 ± 0.04 a | 4.03 ± 0.04 a |
2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2- cyclopenten-1-one | 0.49 ± 0.01 b | 0.47 ± 0.03 a | 0.52 ± 0.11 a | 0.34 ± 0.02 a | 0.40 ± 0.06 a | 0.49 ± 0.19 a | 0.49 ± 0.08 a | 0.46 ± 0.06 a |
3-Cyclobutene-1,2-dione, 3,4-dimethyl- | 0.66 ± 0.03 a | 0.55 ± 0.03 b | 0.41 ± 0.06 a | 0.42 ± 0.05 a | 0.36 ± 0.01 b | 0.43 ± 0.10 ab | 0.35 ± 0.02 b | 0.65 ± 0.08 a |
3-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-2- Cyclopenten-1-one | 0.59 ± 0.02 ab | 0.51 ± 0.01 a | 0.50 ± 0.08 a | 0.52 ± 0.09 a | 0.40 ± 0.03 a | 0.49 ± 0.10 a | 0.75 ± 0.42 a | 0.35 ± 0.07 a |
Σ Phenols | 7.97 ± 0.45 a | 5.69 ± 0.19 b | 6.78 ± 0.38 a | 6.34 ± 0.55 a | 7.95 ± 0.13 b | 9.06 ± 0.25 a | 5.64 ± 1.13 a | 6.29 ± 0.17 a |
Phenol | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | 0.29 ± 0.03 a | 0.29 ± 0.04 b | 0.77 ± 0.18 a | 0.50 ± 0.22 a | 1.37 ± 0.40 a | 0.30 ± 0.02 ab | 0.43 ± 0.04 a |
2-methoxyphenol | 3.40 ± 0.36 a | 1.65 ± 0.01 b | 3.63 ± 0.19 a | 1.84 ± 0.13 b | 3.33 ± 0.01 a | 3.82 ± 0.11 a | 2.32 ± 0.77 a | 3.75 ± 0.06 a |
4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol | 1.67 ± 0.06 ab | 1.46 ± 0.11 b | 1.18 ± 0.10 a | 1.61 ± 0.17 a | 1.36 ± 0.25 a | 1.68 ± 0.29 a | 1.24 ± 0.10 a | 1.04 ± 0.04 a |
4-Vinylphenol | 2.65 ± 0.01 b | 2.29 ± 0.06 c | 1.68 ± 0.13 a | 2.12 ± 0.07 a | 2.76 ± 0.16 a | 2.19 ± 0.06 a | 1.78 ± 0.28 a | 1.07 ± 0.07 b |
Σ Pyrroles | 2.54 ± 0.11 a | 2.32 ± 0.09 b | 2.28 ± 0.23 a | 3.00 ± 0.09 a | 2.60 ± 0.09 a | 2.65 ± 0.10 a | 2.22 ± 0.14 a | 2.25 ± 0.15 a |
2-Acetylpyrrole | 0.55 ± 0.02 a | 0.59 ± 0.01 a | 0.68 ± 0.02 c | 1.07 ± 0.02 a | 0.70 ± 0.05 a | 0.68 ± 0.09 a | 0.72 ± 0.08 a | 0.79 ± 0.05 a |
2-Acetyl-1-methylpyrrole | 0.72 ± 0.02 a | 0.66 ± 0.01 a | 0.61 ± 0.04 a | 0.72 ± 0.07 a | 0.61 ± 0.06 a | 0.65 ± 0.01 a | 0.61 ± 0.05 a | 0.75 ± 0.06 a |
1H-Pyrrole, 1-(2-furanylmethyl)- | 1.27 ± 0.03 a | 1.07 ± 0.01 b | 0.99 ± 0.16 a | 1.21 ± 0.04 a | 1.29 ± 0.02 a | 1.32 ± 0.01 a | 0.89 ± 0.06 a | 0.705 ± 0.26 a |
Σ Aldehydes | 0.32 ± 0.04 b | 0.40 ± 0.01 a | 0.32 ± 0.04 a | 0.46 ± 0.15 a | 0.44 ± 0.02 a | 0.41 ± 0.16 a | 0.32 ± 0.04 b | 0.66 ± 0.06 a |
3-Methyl-p-anisaldehyde | 0.32 ± 0.04 b | 0.40 ± 0.01 a | 0.32 ± 0.04 a | 0.46 ± 0.15 a | 0.44 ± 0.02 a | 0.41 ± 0.16 a | 0.32 ± 0.04 b | 0.66 ± 0.06 a |
Σ Organic Acid | 5.03 ± 0.11 b | 5.69 ± 0.05 a | 5.65 ± 0.28 b | 7.32 ± 0.11 a | 7.68 ± 0.11 b | 9.30 ± 0.16 a | 10.41 ± 0.25 b | 12.89 ± 0.11 a |
Acetic acid | 4.51 ± 0.14 b | 5.27 ± 0.04 a | 5.32 ± 0.25 b | 6.90 ± 0.05 a | 7.25 ± 0.15 b | 8.97 ± 0.25 a | 10.12 ± 0.22 b | 12.57 ± 0.13 a |
3-Methylbutanoic acid | 0.52 ± 0.05 a | 0.42 ± 0.01 b | 0.33 ± 0.09 a | 0.42 ± 0.16 a | 0.43 ± 0.04 a | 0.33 ± 0.09 a | 0.29 ± 0.03 a | 0.315 ± 0.02 a |
Time (Months) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STD | REC | STD | REC | STD | REC | |||
Σ Furans | 43.22 ± 1.88 a | 43.38 ± 1.03 a | 41.88 ± 0.79 a | 38.71 ± 2.50 a | 35.35 ± 0.30 a | 35.58 ± 0.16 a | 36.15 ± 0.70 a | 33.17 ± 0.47 b |
2-Furanmethanol | 28.50 ± 1.22 a | 28.12 ± 0.97 a | 25.83 ± 1.07 a | 23.30 ± 2.29 a | 23.00 ± 1.19 a | 22.33 ± 0.13 ab | 22.30 ± 0.76 a | 20.29 ± 0.21 a |
2-Furanmethanol acetate | 5.18 ± 0.38 a | 5.32 ± 0.05 a | 4.71 ± 0.35 a | 5.11 ± 0.22 a | 4.69 ± 0.44 a | 4.51 ± 0.19 a | 5.20 ± 0.07 a | 4.41 ± 0.15 b |
Furfural | 3.04 ± 0.14 c | 3.63 ± 0.01 a | 2.02 ± 0.09 a | 4.08 ± 0.13 a | 2.77 ± 0.46 a | 3.03 ± 0.19 a | 2.67 ± 0.08 a | 2.50 ± 0.16 a |
Dihydro-2-methyl-3-furanone | 0.38 ± 0.01 a | 0.39 ± 0.02 a | 0.60 ± 0.02 b | 0.66 ± 0.15 a | 0.39 ± 0.02 a | 0.40 ± 0.08 a | 0.56 ± 0.02 a | 0.50 ± 0.07 a |
5-methyl-Furfural | 3.11 ± 0.11 a | 3.10 ± 0.03 a | 5.11 ± 0.31 a | 3.19 ± 0.31 b | 2.24 ± 1.01 a | 2.51 ± 0.01 a | 3.17 ± 0.06 a | 2.71 ± 0.13 b |
2,2′-Methylenebisfuran | 2.34 ± 0.07 a | 2.07 ± 0.03 b | 2.61 ± 0.08 a | 1.59 ± 0.06 b | 1.26 ± 0.02 a | 1.78 ± 0.74 a | 1.50 ± 0.21 a | 2.02 ± 0.67 a |
2-Furancarboxylic acid | 0.40 ± 0.01 ab | 0.46 ± 0.02 a | 0.66 ± 0.03 a | 0.27 ± 0.04 a | 0.39 ± 0.13 a | 0.32 ± 0.02 a | 0.30 ± 0.02 a | 0.34 ± 0.06 a |
Furan, 2-(methoxymethyl)- | 0.28 ± 0.02 a | 0.16 ± 0.01 b | 0.35 ± 0.00 a | 0.35 ± 0.02 a | 0.39 ± 0.06 a | 0.55 ± 0.15 a | 0.37 ± 0.04 a | 0.30 ± 0.01 b |
Σ Pyrazines | 30.15 ± 0.55 a | 30.34 ± 0.83 a | 28.21 ± 0.25 b | 31.35 ± 0.47 a | 32.86 ± 0.17 a | 32.42 ± 0.44 a | 31.87 ± 0.78 a | 29.02 ± 0.22 b |
2-Methylpyrazine | 4.95 ± 0.12 b | 5.54 ± 0.07 a | 5.37 ± 0.24 a | 5.92 ± 0.65 a | 6.60 ± 0.28 a | 5.68 ± 0.75 a | 5.71 ± 0.71 a | 4.31 ± 0.26 a |
2,5 dimethylpyrazine | 8.34 ± 0.34 b | 9.34 ± 0.10 a | 8.11 ± 0.51 b | 9.28 ± 0.41 a | 8.40 ± 0.54 a | 9.55 ± 0.08 a | 9.32 ± 0.35 a | 9.27 ± 0.24 a |
ethyl pyrazine | 3.43 ± 0.09 a | 3.34 ± 0.24 a | 3.47 ± 0.11 a | 4.12 ± 0.54 a | 3.42 ± 0.33 a | 3.14 ± 0.03 a | 3.64 ± 0.13 a | 3.71 ± 0.06 a |
3,5 dimethylpyrazine | 0.61 ± 0.03 a | 0.39 ± 0.08 a | 0.27 ± 0.01 a | 0.39 ± 0.06 a | 0.82 ± 0.09 a | 0.45 ± 0.01 b | 0.84 ± 0.07 a | 0.79 ± 0.01 a |
2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine | 2.83 ± 0.09 a | 2.84 ± 0.01 a | 2.86 ± 0.08 b | 3.03 ± 0.01 b | 3.17 ± 0.54 a | 2.90 ± 0.29 a | 3.36 ± 0.35 a | 2.32 ± 0.15 b |
2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine | 4.08 ± 0.21 a | 2.97 ± 0.46 a | 3.49 ± 0.13 b | 3.85 ± 0.48 a | 4.96 ± 0.20 a | 4.69 ± 0.54 a | 3.26 ± 0.10 a | 3.10 ± 0.66 a |
3-Methoxy-2-isopropylpyrazine | 1.26 ± 0.05 a | 1.27 ± 0.07 a | 0.98 ± 0.04 a | 1.12 ± 0.17 a | 1.06 ± 0.11 a | 1.20 ± 0.23 a | 1.07 ± 0.06 a | 1.20 ± 0.11 a |
2,5-Dimethyl-3-ethylpyrazine | 2.81 ± 0.12 b | 2.93 ± 0.01 a | 1.94 ± 0.06 a | 2.09 ± 0.03 a | 2.91 ± 0.20 a | 3.05 ± 0.07 a | 2.68 ± 0.77 a | 2.63 ± 0.27 a |
Isopropenylpyrazine | 0.82 ± 0.03 a | 0.82 ± 0.01 a | 0.45 ± 0.02 a | 0.67 ± 0.09 a | 0.80 ± 0.29 a | 0.85 ± 0.05 a | 0.97 ± 0.06 a | 0.80 ± 0.01 a |
5-Methyl-6,7dihydro5- Hcyclopentapyrazine | 0.64 ± 0.02 a | 0.63 ± 0.01 a | 0.87 ± 0.03 a | 0.39 ± 0.05 b | 0.29 ± 0.14 a | 0.47 ± 0.14 a | 0.73 ± 0.06 a | 0.41 ± 0.13 b |
2-methyl-5-(1-propenyl) Pyrazine | 0.38 ± 0.01 ab | 0.27 ± 0.01 b | 0.41 ± 0.01 a | 0.49 ± 0.11 a | 0.43 ± 0.07 a | 0.44 ± 0.07 a | 0.29 ± 0.06 a | 0.48 ± 0.07 a |
Σ Pyridines | 4.88 ± 0.15 b | 5.62 ± 0.11 a | 5.99 ± 0.21 a | 3.68 ± 0.02 b | 6.28 ± 0.18 a | 6.45 ± 0.69 a | 6.08 ± 0.45 a | 5.33 ± 0.54 a |
Pyridine | 3.61 ± 0.05 b | 4.30 ± 0.12 a | 4.84 ± 0.12 a | 2.59 ± 0.04 b | 5.18 ± 0.02 a | 5.25 ± 0.57 a | 5.52 ± 0.56 a | 4.51 ± 0.54 a |
Pyridine, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-1-methyl- | 0.95 ± 0.04 b | 1.00 ± 0.01 b | 0.45 ± 0.01 a | 0.59 ± 0.15 a | 0.72 ± 0.06 a | 0.82 ± 0.09 a | 0.36 ± 0.13 a | 0.50 ± 0.08 a |
Pyridine, 3-ethyl | 0.32 ± 0.01 a | 0.32 ± 0.01 a | 0.70 ± 0.02 a | 0.50 ± 0.06 ab | 0.38 ± 0.11 a | 0.38 ± 0.03 a | 0.20 ± 0.01 a | 0.32 ± 0.08 a |
Σ Ketones | 5.85 ± 0.32 a | 6.56 ± 0.08 a | 6.86 ± 0.44 a | 7.82 ± 0.18 a | 6.30 ± 0.24 a | 6.41 ± 0.92 a | 6.61 ± 0.11 b | 6.94 ± 0.18 a |
Acetone | 0.66 ± 0.03 b | 1.11 ± 0.01 a | 0.72 ± 0.03 a | 0.73 ± 0.03 a | 1.17 ± 0.01 a | 1.19 ± 0.01 a | 1.33 ± 0.01 b | 1.55 ± 0.07 a |
1-(Acetyloxy)-2-propanone | 3.42 ± 0.12 a | 3.92 ± 0.01 a | 4.01 ± 0.25 b | 5.09 ± 0.05 a | 3.96 ± 0.44 a | 3.90 ± 0.15 a | 4.16 ± 0.04 a | 3.86 ± 0.40 ab |
2-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2- cyclopenten-1-one | 0.50 ± 0.01 b | 0.47 ± 0.03 a | 0.61 ± 0.03 a | 0.68 ± 0.03 a | 0.40 ± 0.01 a | 0.46 ± 0.17 a | 0.49 ± 0.08 a | 0.51 ± 0.13 a |
3-Cyclobutene-1,2-dione, 3,4-dimethyl- | 0.67 ± 0.02 a | 0.55 ± 0.03 b | 0.90 ± 0.04 a | 0.66 ± 0.04 b | 0.36 ± 0.10 a | 0.45 ± 0.18 a | 0.35 ± 0.02 a | 0.53 ± 0.10 a |
3-Ethyl-2-hydroxy-2- Cyclopenten-1-one | 0.60 ± 0.02 a | 0.51 ± 0.01 b | 0.63 ± 0.01 a | 0.66 ± 0.16 a | 0.41 ± 0.01 a | 0.41 ± 0.01 a | 0.28 ± 0.04 a | 0.49 ± 0.13 a |
Σ Phenols | 7.99 ± 0.43 a | 5.69 ± 0.09 b | 7.95 ± 0.51 a | 6.75 ± 1.20 a | 8.30 ± 0.66 a | 6.14 ± 0.27 b | 6.24 ± 0.47 a | 7.31 ± 0.38 a |
Phenol | 0.26 ± 0.00 a | 0.29 ± 0.03 a | 0.48 ± 0.03 a | 0.96 ± 0.07 a | 0.50 ± 0.22 a | 0.36 ± 0.04 a | 0.30 ± 0.02 b | 0.42 ± 0.04 a |
2-methoxyphenol | 3.41 ± 0.15 a | 1.65 ± 0.01 b | 2.86 ± 0.07 a | 2.30 ± 0.18 a | 3.33 ± 1.00 a | 3.24 ± 0.13 a | 2.32 ± 0.04 a | 3.78 ± 0.02 a |
4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol | 1.68 ± 0.08 ab | 1.46 ± 0.11 b | 1.51 ± 0.11 a | 1.85 ± 0.19 a | 2.21 ± 0.40 a | 1.18 ± 0.05 b | 1.31 ± 0.14 a | 1.58 ± 0.11 a |
4-Vinylphenol | 2.65 ± 0.14 a | 2.29 ± 0.06 b | 3.11 ± 0.28 a | 1.64 ± 0.38 b | 2.26 ± 0.27 a | 1.36 ± 0.05 b | 2.31 ± 0.12 a | 1.53 ± 0.33 a |
Σ Pyrroles | 2.56 ± 0.08 a | 2.32 ± 0.01 b | 2.85 ± 0.15 a | 3.28 ± 0.06 a | 2.79 ± 0.06 a | 2.76 ± 0.14 a | 2.49 ± 0.19 a | 2.23 ± 0.13 a |
2-Acetylpyrrole | 0.55 ± 0.02 a | 0.59 ± 0.01 a | 0.33 ± 0.02 b | 0.78 ± 0.04 a | 0.70 ± 0.08 a | 0.66 ± 0.08 a | 0.72 ± 0.08 a | 0.76 ± 0.09 a |
2-Acetyl-1-methylpyrrole | 0.73 ± 0.03 a | 0.66 ± 0.01 a | 1.26 ± 0.09 a | 0.86 ± 0.01 b | 0.61 ± 0.11 a | 0.72 ± 0.10 a | 0.61 ± 0.05 a | 0.72 ± 0.11 a |
1H-Pyrrole, 1-(2-furanylmethyl) - | 1.28 ± 0.06 a | 1.07 ± 0.01 b | 1.26 ± 0.08 a | 1.64 ± 0.61 a | 1.48 ± 0.08 a | 1.38 ± 0.08 a | 1.16 ± 0.01 a | 0.75 ± 0.23 a |
Σ Aldehydes | 0.33 ± 0.02 b | 0.40 ± 0.01 a | 0.48 ± 0.03 a | 0.62 ± 0.03 a | 0.49 ± 0.04 a | 0.38 ± 0.06 a | 0.19 ± 0.04 a | 0.53 ± 0.23 a |
3-Methyl-p-anisaldehyde | 0.33 ± 0.01 b | 0.40 ± 0.01 a | 0.48 ± 0.02 a | 0.62 ± 0.04 a | 0.49 ± 0.04 a | 0.38 ± 0.04 a | 0.19 ± 0.03 a | 0.53 ± 0.01 a |
Σ Organic Acid | 5.03 ± 0.19 b | 5.69 ± 0.05 a | 5.79 ± 0.26 b | 7.79 ± 0.03 a | 7.63 ± 0.22 b | 9.86 ± 0.32 a | 10.37 ± 0.28 b | 15.47 ± 0.39 a |
Acetic acid | 4.51 ± 0.18 b | 5.27 ± 0.04 a | 5.32 ± 0.38 b | 7.32 ± 0.03 a | 7.25 ± 0.15 b | 9.34 ± 0.28 a | 10.12 ± 0.22 b | 15.10 ± 0.42 a |
3-Methylbutanoic acid | 0.52 ± 0.04 a | 0.42 ± 0.01 b | 0.47 ± 0.01 a | 0.47 ± 0.11 a | 0.38 ± 0.03 a | 0.52 ± 0.04 a | 0.25 ± 0.11 a | 0.37 ± 0.04 a |
25 °C | 40 °C | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Time (Months) | STD | REC | STD | REC |
0 | 5.66 ± 0.02 a | 5.62 ± 0.02 b | 5.66 ± 0.02 a | 5.62 ± 0.02 b |
1 | 5.67 ± 0.03 a | 5.68 ± 0.02 a | 5.64 ± 0.02 a | 5.63 ± 0.02 a |
2 | 5.65 ± 0.04 a | 5.50 ± 0.02 b | 5.65 ± 0.02 a | 5.54 ± 0.03 b |
3 | 5.63 ± 0.02 a | 5.61 ± 0.02 a | 5.62 ± 0.02 a | 5.52 ± 0.05 b |
4 | 5.55 ± 0.02 a | 5.59 ± 0.04 a | 5.54 ± 0.02 a | 5.48 ± 0.02 b |
5 | 5.54 ± 0.02 a | 5.55 ± 0.03 a | 5.46 ± 0.02 a | 5.40 ± 0.02 b |
6 | 5.53 ± 0.02 a | 5.52 ± 0.03 a | 5.40 ± 0.02 a | 5.37 ± 0.02 a |
7 | 5.48 ± 0.02 a | 5.47 ± 0.02 a | 5.36 ± 0.02 a | 5.35 ± 0.02 a |
8 | 5.48 ± 0.02 a | 5.46 ± 0.02 a | 5.31 ± 0.02 a | 5.32 ± 0.02 a |
9 | 5.46 ± 0.02 a | 5.44 ± 0.02 a | 5.29 ± 0.05 a | 5.31 ± 0.02 a |
10 | 5.44 ± 0.02 a | 5.44 ± 0.02 a | 5.29 ± 0.04 a | 5.29 ± 0.03 a |
11 | 5.39 ± 0.02 a | 5.41 ± 0.02 a | 5.30 ± 0.02 a | 5.30 ± 0.02 a |
12 | 5.37 ± 0.02 a | 5.32 ± 0.02 a | 5.29 ± 0.02 a | 5.28 ± 0.02 a |
STD | REC | STD | REC | STD | REC | STD | REC | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time (Months) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 12 |
Smell acceptability | 8.5 ± 0.5 a | 8.5 ± 0.5 a | 8.5 ± 0.5 a | 8.5 ± 0.5 a | 8.0 ± 0.5 a | 8.0 ± 0.5 a | 7.5 ± 0.5 b | 7.5 ± 0.5 b |
Taste acceptability | 8.5 ± 0.5 a | 8.5 ± 0.5 a | 8.5 ± 0.5 a | 8.5 ± 0.5 a | 8.0 ± 0.5 a | 8.0 ± 0.5 a | 7.5 ± 0.5 b | 7.5 ± 0.5 b |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Calabrese, M.; De Luca, L.; Basile, G.; Lambiase, G.; Romano, R.; Pizzolongo, F. A Recyclable Polypropylene Multilayer Film Maintaining the Quality and the Aroma of Coffee Pods during Their Shelf Life. Molecules 2024, 29, 3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133006
Calabrese M, De Luca L, Basile G, Lambiase G, Romano R, Pizzolongo F. A Recyclable Polypropylene Multilayer Film Maintaining the Quality and the Aroma of Coffee Pods during Their Shelf Life. Molecules. 2024; 29(13):3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133006
Chicago/Turabian StyleCalabrese, Martina, Lucia De Luca, Giulia Basile, Gianfranco Lambiase, Raffaele Romano, and Fabiana Pizzolongo. 2024. "A Recyclable Polypropylene Multilayer Film Maintaining the Quality and the Aroma of Coffee Pods during Their Shelf Life" Molecules 29, no. 13: 3006. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133006