Extraction of Bioactive Phenolics from Various Anthocyanin-Rich Plant Materials and Comparison of Their Heat Stability
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Bioactive Phenolics of Extracts
Sample | Extraction Time (min) | TMA (mg/g) | TPC (mg FAE/g) | DPPH Scavenging Activity (mg TE/g) | Reducing Power (mg TE/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BPFE | 30 | 1.75 ± 0.05 a | 29.73 ± 0.70 a | 26.51 ± 0.66 b | 33.84 ± 0.95 a |
BPFE | 60 | 1.70 ± 0.05 ab | 30.50 ± 0.64 a | 27.04 ± 0.68 b | 34.07 ± 0.92 a |
BPFE | 90 | 1.66 ± 0.05 ab | 31.09 ± 0.44 a | 27.74 ± 0.70 ab | 34.41 ± 0.96 a |
BPFE | 120 | 1.59 ± 0.04 b | 31.10 ± 0.47 a | 28.42 ± 0.72 a | 34.78 ± 0.96 a |
GSE | 30 | 2.79 ± 0.09 a | 60.55 ± 0.84 d | 109.96 ± 2.19 c | 111.01 ± 2.75 a |
GSE | 60 | 2.56 ± 0.08 b | 65.01 ± 0.70 c | 112.81 ± 2.22 b | 112.14 ± 2.52 a |
GSE | 90 | 2.49 ± 0.09 b | 67.51 ± 0.86 b | 120.32 ± 2.61 a | 113.86 ± 2.69 a |
GSE | 120 | 2.22 ± 0.08 c | 69.18 ± 0.81 a | 123.32 ± 2.83 a | 115.61 ± 2.85 a |
RCE | 30 | 4.04 ± 0.07 a | 23.58 ± 0.62 b | 35.78 ± 0.88 a | 41.93 ± 0.71 b |
RCE | 60 | 3.95 ± 0.08 ab | 24.56 ± 0.69 ab | 35.87 ± 0.81 a | 47.10 ± 0.82 a |
RCE | 90 | 3.87 ± 0.07 bc | 25.41 ± 0.50 a | 35.43 ± 0.88 a | 47.35 ± 0.78 a |
RCE | 120 | 3.75 ± 0.06 c | 25.62 ± 0.57 a | 35.32 ± 0.82 a | 47.63 ± 0.75 a |
2.2. Antioxidation Capacity of Extracts
2.3. Anthocyanin Stability of Extracts
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Preparation of Aqueous Extracts
3.3. Determination of Total Monomeric Anthocyanin (TMA)
3.4. Determination of Total Phenolics
3.5. Determination of Antioxidant Capacity
3.6. Determination of Anthocyanin Stability
3.7. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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pH | Heating | BPFE | BPFE | GSE | GSE | RCE | RCE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Temperature (°C) | k × 100 (h−1) | t0.5 (h) | k × 100 (h−1) | t0.5 (h) | k × 100 (h−1) | t0.5 (h) | |
2.5 | 60 | 1.31 ± 0.05 h | 52.94 ± 2.41 a | 1.93 ± 0.10 i | 35.91 ± 1.82 a | 3.04 ± 0.14 g | 22.80 ± 1.15 a |
2.5 | 70 | 1.44 ± 0.06 h | 48.16 ± 2.08 b | 3.22 ± 0.19 hi | 21.53 ± 1.30 c | 7.29 ± 0.45 f | 9.51 ± 0.57 c |
2.5 | 80 | 2.42 ± 0.21 fg | 28.64 ± 2.47 d | 5.58 ± 0.36 ef | 12.42 ± 0.82 e | 10.64 ± 0.74 e | 6.51 ± 0.43 de |
2.5 | 90 | 5.00 ± 0.46 ab | 13.87 ± 1.18 i | 13.09 ± 1.03 b | 5.30 ± 0.42 gh | 26.70 ± 2.12 c | 2.60 ± 0.21 g |
3.5 | 60 | 1.95 ± 0.12 gh | 35.56 ± 2.51 c | 2.75 ± 0.12 hi | 25.21 ± 1.17 b | 3.05 ± 0.14 g | 22.73 ± 1.06 a |
3.5 | 70 | 2.74 ± 0.28 def | 25.37 ± 2.80 def | 3.91 ± 0.24 gh | 17.73 ± 1.10 d | 7.50 ± 0.46 f | 9.24 ± 0.57 c |
3.5 | 80 | 3.26 ± 0.39 cd | 21.25 ± 2.74 fg | 6.97 ± 0.45 de | 9.94 ± 0.65 f | 12.22 ± 0.79 e | 5.67 ± 0.36 ef |
3.5 | 90 | 5.41 ± 0.59 a | 12.87 ± 1.34 i | 17.44 ± 1.42 a | 3.97 ± 0.32 h | 29.80 ± 2.45 b | 2.33 ± 0.19 g |
4.5 | 60 | 2.32 ± 0.24 fg | 29.88 ± 3.12 d | 3.78 ± 0.14 gh | 18.34 ± 0.67 d | 3.60 ± 0.12 g | 19.25 ± 0.70 b |
4.5 | 70 | 3.04 ± 0.32 cdef | 22.80 ± 2.47 efg | 4.99 ± 0.24 fg | 13.89 ± 0.66 e | 9.49 ± 0.45 ef | 7.30 ± 0.35 d |
4.5 | 80 | 3.49 ± 0.35 c | 19.86 ± 2.18 g | 7.50 ± 0.44 d | 9.24 ± 0.62 f | 15.61 ± 1.04 d | 4.44 ± 0.29 f |
4.5 | 90 | 4.66 ± 0.35 b | 14.91 ± 1.12 hi | 16.99 ± 1.30 a | 4.08 ± 0.31 h | 33.41 ± 2.70 a | 2.07 ± 0.15 g |
5.5 | 60 | 2.52 ± 0.15 efg | 27.51 ± 2.12 de | 5.22 ± 0.26 fg | 13.28 ± 0.67 e | 3.67 ± 0.18 g | 18.89 ± 0.96 b |
5.5 | 70 | 3.20 ± 0.19 cde | 21.68 ± 1.35 fg | 7.35 ± 0.43 d | 9.43 ± 0.56 f | 10.53 ± 0.63 e | 6.58 ± 0.39 de |
5.5 | 80 | 3.66 ± 0.32 c | 18.97 ± 1.65 gh | 10.15 ± 0.67 c | 6.83 ± 0.45 g | 15.64 ± 1.04 d | 4.43 ± 0.29 f |
5.5 | 90 | 4.61 ± 0.31 b | 15.07 ± 1.01 hi | 17.87 ± 1.41 a | 3.88 ± 0.31 h | 34.08 ± 2.70 a | 2.03 ± 0.15 g |
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Yu, Y.; Shiau, S.; Pan, W.; Yang, Y. Extraction of Bioactive Phenolics from Various Anthocyanin-Rich Plant Materials and Comparison of Their Heat Stability. Molecules 2024, 29, 5256. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225256
Yu Y, Shiau S, Pan W, Yang Y. Extraction of Bioactive Phenolics from Various Anthocyanin-Rich Plant Materials and Comparison of Their Heat Stability. Molecules. 2024; 29(22):5256. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225256
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yanli, Syyu Shiau, Weichen Pan, and Yvette Yang. 2024. "Extraction of Bioactive Phenolics from Various Anthocyanin-Rich Plant Materials and Comparison of Their Heat Stability" Molecules 29, no. 22: 5256. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225256