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10.3390/molecules29235632
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Article

Synergism of Specific Maca Phenotypes (Lepidium peruvianum) in Combination with Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Extract for Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer as Determined in In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays on Human Epithelial and Prostate Cancer Cells

by
Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
1,*,
Wirginia Kukula-Koch
2,
Dominik Szwajgier
3,
Beata Antosiewicz-Klimczak
1,
Rita Cristina Orihuela-Campos
4,
Kazimierz Głowniak
1,* and
Henry O. Meissner
5,†
1
Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
2
Department of Pharmacognosy with Garden of Medicinal Plants, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
4
Academic Department of Stomatology for Children and Adolescents, Integrated Faculties of Medicine, Stomatology and Nursing, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 15102, Peru
5
NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, 158-160 Hawkesbury Road, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
passed away.
Molecules 2024, 29(23), 5632; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235632
Submission received: 27 October 2024 / Revised: 22 November 2024 / Accepted: 26 November 2024 / Published: 28 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant-Based Food Science: Chemical Composition and Biological Activity)
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Abstract

Selected phenotypes of dried maca (Lepidium peruvianum) hypocotyls and supercritical CO2 extract (USPlus®) of saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) were used to determine their targeted, cytotoxic action in prostate cancer cells. Fingerprinting by HPLC-MS and PCA analysis showed compositional differences in glucosinolates, amides, macamides, and other alkaloids, which varied based on the color and the size of hypocotyls. These phytochemical differences translated into a higher antioxidant potential of red maca than black maca samples. The greatest COX-2 inhibition was demonstrated with a combination of red maca: saw palmetto (67%:33%) and red maca: saw palmetto: black maca (25%:50%:25%). The LNCaP androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line was the most sensitive to the three-component mixture of black, red maca, and saw palmetto treatment. This combination provided the most abundant set of high-activity metabolites, and is worthy of consideration in further clinical applications and future in-depth study.
Keywords: Lepidium peruvianum; Serenoa repens; COX-2; prostate cancer; benign prostate hyperplasia Lepidium peruvianum; Serenoa repens; COX-2; prostate cancer; benign prostate hyperplasia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gaweł-Bęben, K.; Kukula-Koch, W.; Szwajgier, D.; Antosiewicz-Klimczak, B.; Orihuela-Campos, R.C.; Głowniak, K.; Meissner, H.O. Synergism of Specific Maca Phenotypes (Lepidium peruvianum) in Combination with Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Extract for Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer as Determined in In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays on Human Epithelial and Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024, 29, 5632. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235632

AMA Style

Gaweł-Bęben K, Kukula-Koch W, Szwajgier D, Antosiewicz-Klimczak B, Orihuela-Campos RC, Głowniak K, Meissner HO. Synergism of Specific Maca Phenotypes (Lepidium peruvianum) in Combination with Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Extract for Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer as Determined in In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays on Human Epithelial and Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules. 2024; 29(23):5632. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235632

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaweł-Bęben, Katarzyna, Wirginia Kukula-Koch, Dominik Szwajgier, Beata Antosiewicz-Klimczak, Rita Cristina Orihuela-Campos, Kazimierz Głowniak, and Henry O. Meissner. 2024. "Synergism of Specific Maca Phenotypes (Lepidium peruvianum) in Combination with Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Extract for Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer as Determined in In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays on Human Epithelial and Prostate Cancer Cells" Molecules 29, no. 23: 5632. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235632

APA Style

Gaweł-Bęben, K., Kukula-Koch, W., Szwajgier, D., Antosiewicz-Klimczak, B., Orihuela-Campos, R. C., Głowniak, K., & Meissner, H. O. (2024). Synergism of Specific Maca Phenotypes (Lepidium peruvianum) in Combination with Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens) Extract for Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer as Determined in In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assays on Human Epithelial and Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecules, 29(23), 5632. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235632

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