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Review

Rare Earths—The Answer to Everything

by
Thomas Behrsing
1,
Victoria L. Blair
1,
Florian Jaroschik
2,
Glen B. Deacon
1 and
Peter C. Junk
3,*
1
School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
2
ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
3
College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(3), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030688
Submission received: 10 January 2024 / Revised: 24 January 2024 / Accepted: 27 January 2024 / Published: 1 February 2024

Abstract

Rare earths, scandium, yttrium, and the fifteen lanthanoids from lanthanum to lutetium, are classified as critical metals because of their ubiquity in daily life. They are present in magnets in cars, especially electric cars; green electricity generating systems and computers; in steel manufacturing; in glass and light emission materials especially for safety lighting and lasers; in exhaust emission catalysts and supports; catalysts in artificial rubber production; in agriculture and animal husbandry; in health and especially cancer diagnosis and treatment; and in a variety of materials and electronic products essential to modern living. They have the potential to replace toxic chromates for corrosion inhibition, in magnetic refrigeration, a variety of new materials, and their role in agriculture may expand. This review examines their role in sustainability, the environment, recycling, corrosion inhibition, crop production, animal feedstocks, catalysis, health, and materials, as well as considering future uses.
Keywords: rare earths; sustainability; environment; recycling; corrosion inhibitors; agriculture; catalysis; health; materials rare earths; sustainability; environment; recycling; corrosion inhibitors; agriculture; catalysis; health; materials

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MDPI and ACS Style

Behrsing, T.; Blair, V.L.; Jaroschik, F.; Deacon, G.B.; Junk, P.C. Rare Earths—The Answer to Everything. Molecules 2024, 29, 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030688

AMA Style

Behrsing T, Blair VL, Jaroschik F, Deacon GB, Junk PC. Rare Earths—The Answer to Everything. Molecules. 2024; 29(3):688. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030688

Chicago/Turabian Style

Behrsing, Thomas, Victoria L. Blair, Florian Jaroschik, Glen B. Deacon, and Peter C. Junk. 2024. "Rare Earths—The Answer to Everything" Molecules 29, no. 3: 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030688

APA Style

Behrsing, T., Blair, V. L., Jaroschik, F., Deacon, G. B., & Junk, P. C. (2024). Rare Earths—The Answer to Everything. Molecules, 29(3), 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030688

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