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Volume 15
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Review

Searching for the Perfect Wave: The Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cells

by
Lisa Gherardini
1,
Gastone Ciuti
2,
Selene Tognarelli
2 and
Caterina Cinti
1,*
1
Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Siena, Strada Petriccio e Belriguardo, Siena 53100, Italy
2
The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pisa 56025, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15(4), 5366-5387; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15045366
Submission received: 3 December 2013 / Revised: 17 January 2014 / Accepted: 20 March 2014 / Published: 27 March 2014
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)
Versions Notes

Abstract

There is a growing concern in the population about the effects that environmental exposure to any source of “uncontrolled” radiation may have on public health. Anxiety arises from the controversial knowledge about the effect of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure to cells and organisms but most of all concerning the possible causal relation to human diseases. Here we reviewed those in vitro and in vivo and epidemiological works that gave a new insight about the effect of radio frequency (RF) exposure, relating to intracellular molecular pathways that lead to biological and functional outcomes. It appears that a thorough application of standardized protocols is the key to reliable data acquisition and interpretation that could contribute a clearer picture for scientists and lay public. Moreover, specific tuning of experimental and clinical RF exposure might lead to beneficial health effects.
Keywords: radio frequencies; neurodegeneration; radiotoxicity; cancer radio frequencies; neurodegeneration; radiotoxicity; cancer

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gherardini, L.; Ciuti, G.; Tognarelli, S.; Cinti, C. Searching for the Perfect Wave: The Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 5366-5387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15045366

AMA Style

Gherardini L, Ciuti G, Tognarelli S, Cinti C. Searching for the Perfect Wave: The Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(4):5366-5387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15045366

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gherardini, Lisa, Gastone Ciuti, Selene Tognarelli, and Caterina Cinti. 2014. "Searching for the Perfect Wave: The Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 4: 5366-5387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15045366

APA Style

Gherardini, L., Ciuti, G., Tognarelli, S., & Cinti, C. (2014). Searching for the Perfect Wave: The Effect of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 15(4), 5366-5387. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15045366

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