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Review

Shortcomings of Phylogenetic Studies on Recent Radiated Insular Groups: A Meta-Analysis Using Cabo Verde Biodiversity

by
Maria M. Romeiras
1,2,*,
Ana Rita Pena
2,
Tiago Menezes
3,
Raquel Vasconcelos
4,
Filipa Monteiro
1,2,
Octávio S. Paulo
2 and
Mónica Moura
3
1
LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
2
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
3
CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Azores Group, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Universidade dos Açores, 9501-855 Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal
4
CIBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associate Laboratory, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(11), 2782; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112782
Submission received: 1 March 2019 / Revised: 16 May 2019 / Accepted: 4 June 2019 / Published: 6 June 2019
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
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Abstract

Over the previous decades, numerous studies focused on how oceanic islands have contributed to determine the phylogenetic relationships and times of origin and diversification of different endemic lineages. The Macaronesian Islands (i.e., Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canaries, and Cabo Verde), harbour biotas with exceptionally high levels of endemism. Within the region, the vascular plants and reptiles constitute two of the most important radiations. In this study we compare relevant published phylogenetic data and diversification rates retrieved within Cabo Verde endemic lineages and discuss the importance of choosing appropriate phylogeny-based methods to investigate diversification dynamics on islands. From this selective literature-based review, we summarize the software packages used in Macaronesian studies and discuss their adequacy considering the published data to obtain well-supported phylogenies in the target groups. We further debate the importance of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), to investigate the evolutionary processes of diversification in the Macaronesian Islands. Analysis of genomic data provides phylogenetic resolution for rapidly evolving species radiations, suggesting a great potential to improve the phylogenetic signal and divergence time estimates in insular lineages. The most important Macaronesian reptile radiations provide good case-studies to compare classical phylogenetic methods with new tools, such as phylogenomics, revealing a high value for research on this hotspot area.
Keywords: Macaronesia; endemic species; evolution; phylogenetic inference; divergence times; bioinformatics; phylogenomics Macaronesia; endemic species; evolution; phylogenetic inference; divergence times; bioinformatics; phylogenomics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Romeiras, M.M.; Pena, A.R.; Menezes, T.; Vasconcelos, R.; Monteiro, F.; Paulo, O.S.; Moura, M. Shortcomings of Phylogenetic Studies on Recent Radiated Insular Groups: A Meta-Analysis Using Cabo Verde Biodiversity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 2782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112782

AMA Style

Romeiras MM, Pena AR, Menezes T, Vasconcelos R, Monteiro F, Paulo OS, Moura M. Shortcomings of Phylogenetic Studies on Recent Radiated Insular Groups: A Meta-Analysis Using Cabo Verde Biodiversity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(11):2782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112782

Chicago/Turabian Style

Romeiras, Maria M., Ana Rita Pena, Tiago Menezes, Raquel Vasconcelos, Filipa Monteiro, Octávio S. Paulo, and Mónica Moura. 2019. "Shortcomings of Phylogenetic Studies on Recent Radiated Insular Groups: A Meta-Analysis Using Cabo Verde Biodiversity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11: 2782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112782

APA Style

Romeiras, M. M., Pena, A. R., Menezes, T., Vasconcelos, R., Monteiro, F., Paulo, O. S., & Moura, M. (2019). Shortcomings of Phylogenetic Studies on Recent Radiated Insular Groups: A Meta-Analysis Using Cabo Verde Biodiversity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(11), 2782. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112782

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