Emerging Roles for 3′ UTRs in Neurons
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Cis-Acting Roles for 3′ UTRs in Neuronal Gene Regulation
2.1. miRNA Regulation
2.2. RNA Methylation
2.3. mRNA Stability and Translational Control
3. 3′ UTR-Mediated Subcellular Localization of mRNAs within Neurons
3.1. RNA Localizing Cis-Elements
3.2. Role of RBPs in mRNA Localization
3.3. RNA Granules
4. Alternative Polyadenylation Generates Long 3′ UTRs in Neurons
4.1. APA Mechanisms Underlying Long 3′ UTR Expression in Neurons
4.2. Neural Functions of Long 3′ UTR mRNA Isoforms
5. Functional Relevance of Local Translation in Neurons
6. Distinct Functions for Locally Synthesized Proteins
7. Beyond Localization and Translational Control
7.1. Coding-Independent Functions of 3′ UTRs
7.2. Coordination of Alternative Splicing and APA
7.3. Isolated 3′ UTR Fragments
8. 3′ UTR-Associated Neurological Disorders and Behavior
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
AP | Action potential |
APA | Alternative polyadenylation |
ARE | AU-rich element |
BONCAT | Bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging |
CA1 | Cornu ammonis 1 |
CDS | Coding sequence |
CRISPR | Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
DRG | Dorsal root ganglion |
EPSP | Excitatory postsynaptic potential |
FISH | Fluorescence in situ hybridization |
FP | Fluorescent protein |
FUNCAT | Fluorescent noncanonical amino acid tagging |
HD | Huntington’s disease |
L-VGCC | L-type voltage-gated calcium channel |
m6A | N6-methyladenosine |
miRNA | microRNA |
mRNP | messenger ribonucleoproteins |
MS2 | MS2 bacteriophage coat protein |
pA | Poly(A) site |
PAS | Poly(A) signal |
poly(A) | Polyadenylation |
Puro | Puromycin |
RBP | RNA-binding protein |
RNA-Seq | RNA-sequencing |
shRNA | Short hairpin RNA |
SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
UTR | Untranslated region |
VNTR | Variable number of tandem repeats |
λN | N protein of bacteriophage λ |
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Bae, B.; Miura, P. Emerging Roles for 3′ UTRs in Neurons. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 3413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103413
Bae B, Miura P. Emerging Roles for 3′ UTRs in Neurons. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(10):3413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103413
Chicago/Turabian StyleBae, Bongmin, and Pedro Miura. 2020. "Emerging Roles for 3′ UTRs in Neurons" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 10: 3413. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21103413