GABAA Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Changes in Physiological Parameters after Emulsified Isoflurane Administration
2.2. Messenger RNA (mRNA) Expressions in the Tissue of the Parietal Lobe of the Cerebral Cortex
2.3. Protein Results of the Candidate Receptor
2.4. Methylation Analysis in the Promoter Region of Candidate Genes
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Drugs
4.3. Experimental Design
4.4. Physiological Indicator Test
4.5. Monitoring of Biological Reflection
4.6. Monitoring of Braking and Analgesic Effects
4.7. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
4.8. Genomic DNA Methylation Status Monitoring
4.9. Western Blotting
4.10. Immunofluorescence
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
EISO | emulsified isoflurane |
Con | control group |
FE | intralipid group |
HD | high-concentration group |
LD | low-concentration group |
PCR | polymerase chain reaction |
GABAAα1 | gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor α1 subunit |
NMDAR1 | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 |
OPRM1 | μ opioid receptor 1 |
GABAA | gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor |
NMDA | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor |
OPRM | μ opioid receptor |
CpG | 5′-cytosine-phosphate-guanine-3′ |
mRNA | messenger ribonucleic acid |
SD | Sprague Dawley |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
RNA | ribonucleic acid |
MeCP2 | methyl-CpG-bindingprotein-2 |
STEP61 | Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase 61 |
cDNA | complementary deoxyribonucleic acid |
GAPDH | glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase |
PeR | perianal reflex |
CR | corneal reflex |
AR | anal reflex |
SS | the sedation scores |
AS | analgesic scores |
MRS | muscle relaxation scores |
PS | posture scores |
AR | auditory response scores |
TS | total scores |
NR2B | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 2B |
ERK1/2 | extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 |
JNK | c-Jun N terminal kinase |
p38 | protein 38 |
NF-κB | nuclear factor kappa-B |
FYN | tyrosine kinase Fyn |
MAC | minimum alveolar concentration |
MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinases |
Y1472 | tyrosine 1472 |
SAS | STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM |
CREB | cAMP-response element binding protein |
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Item | Con | FE | LD | HD | SE | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treated | Time | Tr × T | ||||||
PR | 1.00 a | 1.00 a | 2.85 b | 2.93 b | 0.04 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
CR | 1.00 a | 1.00 a | 2.88 b | 2.95 c | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
PeR | 1.00 a | 1.00 a | 2.93 b | 2.93 b | 0.04 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Item | Con | FE | LD | HD | SE | p Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Treated | Time | Tr × T | ||||||
SS | 0.00 a | 0.00 a | 2.80 b | 2.80 b | 0.05 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
AS | 0.00 a | 0.00 a | 2.90 b | 2.93 c | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
MRS | 0.00 a | 0.00 a | 2.93 b | 2.93 b | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
PS | 0.00 a | 0.00 a | 3.00 b | 3.00 b | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
AR | 0.00 a | 0.00 a | 2.93 b | 2.93 b | 0.03 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
TS | 0.00 a | 0.00 a | 14.55 b | 14.58 b | 0.08 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
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Zhao, X.; Chang, G.; Cheng, Y.; Zhou, Z. GABAA Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114078
Zhao X, Chang G, Cheng Y, Zhou Z. GABAA Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(11):4078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114078
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Xingkai, Guangjun Chang, Yan Cheng, and Zhenlei Zhou. 2020. "GABAA Receptor/STEP61 Signaling Pathway May Be Involved in Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 11: 4078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21114078