The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Nitrergic Nerves in the Porcine Uterus under Physiological Conditions
2.1.1. The Uterine Corpus
2.1.2. The Uterine Horns
2.2. The Influence of BPA on Nitrergic Nerves in the Porcine Uterus
2.2.1. The Uterine Corpus
2.2.2. The Uterine Horns
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BPA | bisphenol A |
SP | substance P |
VIP | vasoactive intestinal polypeptide |
PACAP | pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide |
CART | cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript |
NO | nitric oxide (isoform) |
bNOS | brain isoform of nitric oxide synthase |
eNOS | endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase |
iNOS | inducible calcium-independent isoform of nitric oxide synthase |
TDI | tolerable daily intake |
EFSA | European Food Safety |
IL-1β | Interleukin 1 beta |
IL-6 | Interleukin 6 |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
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Muscular Layer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corpus of the Uterus | Right Horn | Left Horn | |||||||
CTRL | ExI | ExII | CTRL | ExI | ExII | CTRL | ExI | ExII | |
nNOS+ | 4.74 ± 0.62 | 5.52 ± 0.67 b | 13.5 ± 1.06 b | 1.54 ± 0.30 a,b | 4.38 ± 0.47 a,c | 14.96 ± 0.73 b,c | 1.66 ± 0.30 a,b | 4.82 ± 0.65 a,c | 13.99 ± 0.74 b,c |
nNOS+/PACAP | 30.83 ± 1.85 a,b | 48.65 ± 1.75 a,c | 57.78 ± 2.83 b,c | 28.5 ± 1.52 a,b | 39.02 ± 2.09 a,b | 52.04 ± 2.30 b,c | 27.22 ± 1.33 a,b | 39.85 ± 1.86 a,b | 50.2 ± 2.92 b,c |
nNOS+/VIP+ | 34.91 ± 1.09 a,b | 46.22 ± 1.24 a,c | 62.53 ± 2.60 b,c | 25.97 ± 1.33 a,b | 39.6 ± 1.97 b,c | 53.7 ± 1.86 b,c | 25.99 ± 2.20 a,b | 38.35 ± 1.43 b,c | 54.3 ± 1.23 a,b |
nNOS+/SP+ | 40.33 ± 1.73 b | 44.76 ± 1.48 c | 54.74 ± 2.47 b,c | 30.44 ± 1.40 b | 37.19 ± 1.58 c | 46.38 ± 3.33 b,c | 30.53 ± 1.12 a,b | 39.34 ± 2.91 a | 45.82 ± 2.04 b |
nNOS+/CART+ | 24.67 ± 1.66 a,b | 32.46 ± 1.94 a | 36.25 ± 1.24 b | 26.11 ± 1.36 b | 28.94 ± 2.93 | 34.17 ± 3.12 b | 25.43 ± 2.61 b | 30.62 ± 2.77 | 37.29 ± 2.55 b |
Mucosal Layer | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corpus of the Uterus | Right Horn | Left Horn | |||||||
CTRL | ExI | ExII | CTRL | ExI | ExII | CTRL | ExI | ExII | |
nNOS+ | 5.19 ± 2.20 b | 4.71 ± 0.58 c | 13.07 ± 1.06 b,c | 1.54 ± 0.41 a,b | 3.43 ± 0.41 a,c | 4.17 ± 0.69 b,c | 1.65 ± 0.60 a,b | 3.63 ± 0.50 a,c | 4.38 ± 0.59 b,c |
nNOS+/PACAP | 32.56 ± 1.91 a,b | 42.11 ± 2.17 a,c | 60.27 ± 2.21 b,c | 26.42 ± 1.64 a,b | 37.07 ± 1.45 a | 47.41 ± 2.99 b | 25.52 ± 2.12 a,b | 35.49 ± 1.6 a | 48.03 ± 2.26 b |
nNOS+/VIP+ | 29.07 ± 1.52 a,b | 44.46 ± 1.87 a,c | 64.13 ± 1.65 b,c | 24.33 ± 2.4 a,b | 35.28 ± 1.62 b,c | 53.89 ± 2.40 b,c | 25.21 ± 1.97 a,b | 36.51 ± 1.47 b,c | 54.53 ± 1.27 b,c |
nNOS+/SP+ | 31.94 ± 2.34 a,c | 39.1 ± 2.36 b,c | 50.64 ± 3.40 b,c | 31.05 ± 1.89 a,b | 38.96 ± 1.96 a | 44.65 ± 2.66 b | 31.56 ± 3.29 a,b | 36.78 ± 2.62 a | 42.54 ± 3.00 b |
nNOS+/CART+ | 29.2 ± 1.45 b | 31.92 ± 1.78 | 36.08 ± 1.61 b | 19.04 ± 0.91 b | 22.39 ± 0.91 | 29.43 ± 1.11 b | 18.74 ± 1.21 b | 22.5 ± 0.99 | 26.93 ± 1.06 b |
Primary Antibodies | ||||
Antigen | Code | Species | Working Dilution | Supplier |
nNOS | N218 | Rabbit | 1:1000 | Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany |
SP | 8450-0505 | Rat | 1:1000 | BioRad Hercules, CA, USA |
VIP | 9535-0504 | Mouse | 1:2000 | Biogenesis Ltd., Poole, GB |
PACAP | T-5039 | Guinea pig | 1:8000 | Peninsula Labs, San Carlos, CA, USA |
CART | MAB 163 | Mouse | 1:6000 | R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA |
Secondary Antibodies | ||||
Reagents | Code | Working Dilution | Supplier | |
Alexa fluor 488 donkey anti-rabbit IgG | A21206 | 1:1000 | ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA | |
Alexa fluor 546 donkey anti-mouse IgG | A10036 | 1:1000 | ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA | |
Alexa fluor 546 donkey anti-guinea pig IgG | A-11074 | 1:1000 | ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA | |
Alexa fluor 546 donkey anti-rat IgG | A11081 | 1:1000 | ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA |
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Rytel, L.; Gonkowski, S. The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124543
Rytel L, Gonkowski S. The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(12):4543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124543
Chicago/Turabian StyleRytel, Liliana, and Slawomir Gonkowski. 2020. "The Influence of Bisphenol a on the Nitrergic Nervous Structures in the Domestic Porcine Uterus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 12: 4543. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124543