Modeling Parkinson’s Disease Neuropathology and Symptoms by Intranigral Inoculation of Preformed Human α-Synuclein Oligomers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Assessment of H-αsynOs Optimal Volume and Concentration
2.2. Intranigral and Intrastriatal Deposits of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein
2.2.1. p129-αSyn in Microglia
2.2.2. p129-αSyn in Dopaminergic Neurons
2.3. Neuroinflammation
2.3.1. Iba-1 and MHC-II IR
2.3.2. Cytokines
2.4. Phagocytosis
2.5. Nigrostriatal Degeneration
2.5.1. Stereological Counting of TH+ Neurons
2.5.2. Striatal Dopamine
2.5.3. Mitochondria
2.6. Behavioral Assessment
2.6.1. Beam Challenging Test
2.6.2. Novel Object Recognition Test
2.6.3. Open Field
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Production of Recombinant H-αSyn
4.2. Purification of H-αSynO
4.3. Animals and Stereotaxic Surgery
4.4. Behavioral Tests
4.4.1. Beam Challenging Test
4.4.2. Spontaneous Locomotor Activity
4.4.3. Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR)
4.5. Immunohistochemistry
4.6. Stereological Counting of TH Immunoreactivity
4.7. Microscopy Analysis
4.8. Striatal Dopamine Assessment
4.9. Electron Microscopy and Mitochondria Analysis
4.10. Phagocytosis Assay
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Boi, L.; Pisanu, A.; Palmas, M.F.; Fusco, G.; Carboni, E.; Casu, M.A.; Satta, V.; Scherma, M.; Janda, E.; Mocci, I.; et al. Modeling Parkinson’s Disease Neuropathology and Symptoms by Intranigral Inoculation of Preformed Human α-Synuclein Oligomers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 8535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228535
Boi L, Pisanu A, Palmas MF, Fusco G, Carboni E, Casu MA, Satta V, Scherma M, Janda E, Mocci I, et al. Modeling Parkinson’s Disease Neuropathology and Symptoms by Intranigral Inoculation of Preformed Human α-Synuclein Oligomers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(22):8535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228535
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoi, Laura, Augusta Pisanu, Maria Francesca Palmas, Giuliana Fusco, Ezio Carboni, Maria Antonietta Casu, Valentina Satta, Maria Scherma, Elzbieta Janda, Ignazia Mocci, and et al. 2020. "Modeling Parkinson’s Disease Neuropathology and Symptoms by Intranigral Inoculation of Preformed Human α-Synuclein Oligomers" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 22: 8535. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21228535