Trimethyllysine: From Carnitine Biosynthesis to Epigenetics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Carnitine Biosynthesis
2.1. TMLH-Catalyzed C3 Hydroxylation of Kme3 and Its Role in the Carnitine Biosynthesis Pathway
2.2. Hydroxylation of Trimethyllysine Analogues by TMLH
3. Writing Kme3
3.1. KMT-Catalyzed Formation of Kme3 Analogues
3.2. KMT-Catalyzed Formation of Kme3 Mimics in the Presence of SAM Analogues
4. Erasing Kme3
4.1. FAD-Dependent Lysine-Specific Demethylases Remove Methyl Group in Kme1 and Kme2
4.2. JmjC-Dependent Oxygenases Catalyse Removal of Methyl Group in Kme3
4.3. Demethylation of Kme3 Analogues
5. Reading Kme3
5.1. Kme3 Reader Domains
5.1.1. Recognition of Kme3 by Readers of the Royal Superfamily
5.1.2. Recognition of Kme3 by PHD Zinc Fingers
5.1.3. Recognition of Kme3 by WD40 Zinc Fingers
5.2. Modification of Reader Proteins to Investigate Biomolecular Recognition
5.3. Recognition of Kme3 Analogues by Epigenetic Readers
6. The Role of Kme3 on the Nucleosome Assembly
7. Summary and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Maas, M.N.; Hintzen, J.C.J.; Porzberg, M.R.B.; Mecinović, J. Trimethyllysine: From Carnitine Biosynthesis to Epigenetics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249451
Maas MN, Hintzen JCJ, Porzberg MRB, Mecinović J. Trimethyllysine: From Carnitine Biosynthesis to Epigenetics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21(24):9451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249451
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaas, Marijn N., Jordi C. J. Hintzen, Miriam R. B. Porzberg, and Jasmin Mecinović. 2020. "Trimethyllysine: From Carnitine Biosynthesis to Epigenetics" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 24: 9451. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249451