Antimicrobial Activities of LL-37 Fragment Mutant-Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Conjugate against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Predicted Structural Parameters of Peptides
2.2. Characterization of CKR12 and Its Conjugate, CKR12-PLGA
2.3. Antimicrobial and Hemolytic Activities
2.4. Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Imaging
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Biological Information Analysis of LL-37, LL-37 Fragment (17–29), and Mutant Peptide
4.3. Preparation of PLGA Conjugate
4.4. Structural Characterization by 1H-NMR and FT-IR Spectroscopy
4.5. Measurement of CMC
4.6. Particle Size Distribution and Surface Charge Measurement of PLGA-Conjugated Micelles
4.7. Hemolytic Assay for CKR12-PLGA
4.8. Antimicrobial Assays
4.9. Imaging by SEM and TEM
4.10. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peptide | Helical Content (%) | Hydrophobic Residues (%) | Net Charge |
---|---|---|---|
LL-37 | 78.4 | 35 | +6 |
FK13 | 84.6 | 46 | +4 |
CKR12 | 84.6 | 46 | +7 |
Organism | MIC Value (µM) | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FK13 | CKR12 | CKR12-PLGA * | PLGA | ||
S. aureus (NBRC 12732) | 14.1 ± 0.00 | 0.91 ± 0.00 | 3.63 ± 0.00 | 362 ± 0.00 | |
E. coli (NBRC 3972) | 14.1 ± 0.00 b | 2.47 ± 1.13 d | 9.67 ± 1.19 c | 362 ± 0.00 a | <0.01 |
C. albicans (JCM 1542) | 28.1 ± 0.00 c | 58.0 ± 0.00 b | 24.2 ± 8.37 d | 181 ± 0.00 a | <0.01 |
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Mori, T.; Yoshida, M.; Hazekawa, M.; Ishibashi, D.; Hatanaka, Y.; Nagao, T.; Kakehashi, R.; Kojima, H.; Uno, R.; Ozeki, M.; et al. Antimicrobial Activities of LL-37 Fragment Mutant-Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Conjugate against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105097
Mori T, Yoshida M, Hazekawa M, Ishibashi D, Hatanaka Y, Nagao T, Kakehashi R, Kojima H, Uno R, Ozeki M, et al. Antimicrobial Activities of LL-37 Fragment Mutant-Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Conjugate against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(10):5097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105097
Chicago/Turabian StyleMori, Takeshi, Miyako Yoshida, Mai Hazekawa, Daisuke Ishibashi, Yoshiro Hatanaka, Toshihiro Nagao, Rie Kakehashi, Honami Kojima, Rio Uno, Minoru Ozeki, and et al. 2021. "Antimicrobial Activities of LL-37 Fragment Mutant-Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Conjugate against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 10: 5097. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105097