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Article

Fatty Acid Desaturases: Uncovering Their Involvement in Grapevine Defence against Downy Mildew

Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(11), 5473; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115473
Submission received: 20 April 2021 / Revised: 18 May 2021 / Accepted: 19 May 2021 / Published: 22 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Defense against Pathogens and Herbivores)

Abstract

Grapevine downy mildew, caused by the biotrophic oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is one of the most severe and devastating diseases in viticulture. Unravelling the grapevine defence mechanisms is crucial to develop sustainable disease control measures. Here we provide new insights concerning fatty acid’s (FA) desaturation, a fundamental process in lipid remodelling and signalling. Previously, we have provided evidence that lipid signalling is essential in the establishment of the incompatible interaction between grapevine and Plasmopara viticola. In the first hours after pathogen challenge, jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation, activation of its biosynthetic pathway and an accumulation of its precursor, the polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid (C18:3), were observed in the leaves of the tolerant genotype, Regent. This work was aimed at a better comprehension of the desaturation processes occurring after inoculation. We characterised, for the first time in Vitis vinifera, the gene family of the FA desaturases and evaluated their involvement in Regent response to Plasmopara viticola. Upon pathogen challenge, an up-regulation of the expression of plastidial FA desaturases genes was observed, resulting in a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of chloroplast lipids. This study highlights FA desaturases as key players in membrane remodelling and signalling in grapevine defence towards biotrophic pathogens.
Keywords: Vitis vinifera; Plasmopara viticola; plant defence; lipid signalling; fatty acid modulation; fatty acid desaturases; biotrophy Vitis vinifera; Plasmopara viticola; plant defence; lipid signalling; fatty acid modulation; fatty acid desaturases; biotrophy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Laureano, G.; Cavaco, A.R.; Matos, A.R.; Figueiredo, A. Fatty Acid Desaturases: Uncovering Their Involvement in Grapevine Defence against Downy Mildew. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115473

AMA Style

Laureano G, Cavaco AR, Matos AR, Figueiredo A. Fatty Acid Desaturases: Uncovering Their Involvement in Grapevine Defence against Downy Mildew. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(11):5473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115473

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laureano, Gonçalo, Ana Rita Cavaco, Ana Rita Matos, and Andreia Figueiredo. 2021. "Fatty Acid Desaturases: Uncovering Their Involvement in Grapevine Defence against Downy Mildew" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 5473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115473

APA Style

Laureano, G., Cavaco, A. R., Matos, A. R., & Figueiredo, A. (2021). Fatty Acid Desaturases: Uncovering Their Involvement in Grapevine Defence against Downy Mildew. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(11), 5473. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115473

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