Interactions among Lacosamide and Second-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs in the Tonic-Clonic Seizure Model in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Anticonvulsant Effects of ASMs When Administered Separately in the Mouse Model of Tonic-Clonic Seizures
2.2. Isobolographic Analysis of Interactions among the Studied ASMs in the Mouse MES Model
2.3. Interaction Indices for the Tested Triple Combinations of ASMs
2.4. Adverse Effect Potentials of ASMs in Combination in the Rotarod and Grip-Strength Tests in Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Drugs
4.3. Maximal Electroshock-Induced Tonic-Clonic Seizures in the Mouse Model
4.4. Isobolographic Analysis of Interactions
4.5. Grip-Strength Test
4.6. Rotarod Test
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drug Combination | ED50 exp | nexp | ED50 add | nadd | Unpaired t-Test | Interaction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LCM + OXC + TPM | 31.06 ± 2.34 | 24 | 28.25 ± 3.37 | 50 | t71.99 = 0.685; p = 0.496 | Additivity |
LCM + LTG + OXC | 7.50 ± 0.98 | 32 | 8.97 ± 0.51 | 42 | t47.43 = 1.331; p = 0.190 | Additivity |
LCM + LTG + PGB | 35.59 ± 3.86 | 24 | 45.52 ± 4.46 | 42 | t62.71 = 1.684; p = 0.097 | Additivity |
LCM + LTG + TPM | 19.06 ± 2.70 | 24 | 26.47 ± 3.37 | 34 | t55.91 = 1.716; p = 0.092 | Additivity |
LCM + OXC + PGB | 33.04 ± 4.62 * | 24 | 47.30 ± 4.45 | 58 | t63.44 = 2.223; p = 0.030 | Synergy |
LCM + TPM + PGB | 35.50 ± 5.28 *** | 24 | 64.80 ± 5.02 | 50 | t60.26 = 4.022; p = 0.0002 | Synergy |
Three-Drug Combination | Interaction | Interaction Index | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
LCM + CBZ + VPA | Antagonism | 1.32 | [22] |
LCM + LTG + VPA | Antagonism | 1.27 | [23] |
LCM + CBZ + PB | Additivity | 1.18 | [24] |
LCM + OXC + TPM | Additivity | 1.10 | this study |
LCM + LTG + PB | Additivity | 1.07 | [25] |
LCM + CBZ + LTG | Additivity | 1.05 | [26] |
PB + LTG + OXC | Additivity | 0.94 | [17] |
LCM + LTG + OXC | Additivity | 0.84 | this study |
CBZ + PB + VPA | Additivity | 0.81 | [27] |
LCM + LTG + PGB | Additivity | 0.78 | this study |
LCM + LTG + TPM | Additivity | 0.72 | this study |
LCM + OXC + PGB | Synergy | 0.70 | this study |
PB + LTG + PGB | Synergy | 0.64 | [17] |
PB + OXC + PGB | Synergy | 0.61 | [17] |
PB + OXC + TPM | Synergy | 0.56 | [17] |
PB + LTG + TPM | Synergy | 0.56 | [17] |
LCM + TPM + PGB | Synergy | 0.55 | this study |
PB + PHT + PGB | Synergy | 0.53 | [28] |
OXC + PGB + TPM | Synergy | 0.51 | [29] |
PB + TPM + PGB | Synergy | 0.48 | [17] |
CBZ + PB + TPM | Synergy | 0.46 | [30] |
Drug Combination | Muscular Strength (mN/g) | Balancing Time (s) |
---|---|---|
Vehicle + vehicle + vehicle | 39.12 ± 1.69 | 120 (120; 120) |
LCM + OXC + TPM | 38.67 ± 1.67 | 120 (120; 120) |
LCM + LTG + OXC | 39.27 ± 1.98 | 120 (120; 120) |
LCM + LTG + PGB | 38.83 ± 0.93 | 120 (120; 120) |
LCM + LTG + TPM | 41.83 ± 1.38 | 120 (120; 120) |
LCM + OXC + PGB | 39.43 ± 1.27 | 120 (120; 120) |
LCM + TPM + PGB | 41.38 ± 1.50 | 120 (120; 120) |
Statistics | F(6;49) = 0.698; p = 0.652 | KW = 5.093; p = 0.532 |
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Załuska-Ogryzek, K.; Marzęda, P.; Wróblewska-Łuczka, P.; Florek-Łuszczki, M.; Plewa, Z.; Bojar, H.; Zolkowska, D.; Łuszczki, J.J. Interactions among Lacosamide and Second-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs in the Tonic-Clonic Seizure Model in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 5537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115537
Załuska-Ogryzek K, Marzęda P, Wróblewska-Łuczka P, Florek-Łuszczki M, Plewa Z, Bojar H, Zolkowska D, Łuszczki JJ. Interactions among Lacosamide and Second-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs in the Tonic-Clonic Seizure Model in Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(11):5537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115537
Chicago/Turabian StyleZałuska-Ogryzek, Katarzyna, Paweł Marzęda, Paula Wróblewska-Łuczka, Magdalena Florek-Łuszczki, Zbigniew Plewa, Hubert Bojar, Dorota Zolkowska, and Jarogniew J. Łuszczki. 2021. "Interactions among Lacosamide and Second-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs in the Tonic-Clonic Seizure Model in Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11: 5537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115537