Nitric Oxide Modulates Metabolic Processes in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Master Nodes
2.1. G6P
2.2. Pyruvate
2.3. Ketoglutarate Node
2.4. Glutamine/Glutamate Node
2.5. Proline Node
3. Fueling the Master Nodes
3.1. Direct Amino Acid Fueling
3.1.1. Pyruvate
Aspartate
Alanine
Methionine/Cysteines
3.1.2. α-Ketogluturate
Citrate and Cysteine
3.1.3. Pyruvate and a-KG
Serine
3.2. Indirect Amino Acid Fueling
3.2.1. Arginine
3.2.2. Nitric Oxide
3.2.3. Polyamines
3.2.4. Agmatine
3.2.5. Tryptophan and N-Formylkynurenine
4. NO and Its Effect on Key Metabolic Nodes
4.1. Arginine
4.2. Tryptophan
4.3. G6PD
4.4. GAPDH
4.5. PKM/PFK
4.6. PDH/Aconitase
4.7. POX
4.8. PHD
5. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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McGinity, C.L.; Palmieri, E.M.; Somasundaram, V.; Bhattacharyya, D.D.; Ridnour, L.A.; Cheng, R.Y.S.; Ryan, A.E.; Glynn, S.A.; Thomas, D.D.; Miranda, K.M.; et al. Nitric Oxide Modulates Metabolic Processes in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137068
McGinity CL, Palmieri EM, Somasundaram V, Bhattacharyya DD, Ridnour LA, Cheng RYS, Ryan AE, Glynn SA, Thomas DD, Miranda KM, et al. Nitric Oxide Modulates Metabolic Processes in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(13):7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137068
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcGinity, Christopher L., Erika M. Palmieri, Veena Somasundaram, Dibyangana D. Bhattacharyya, Lisa A. Ridnour, Robert Y. S. Cheng, Aideen E. Ryan, Sharon A. Glynn, Douglas D. Thomas, Katrina M. Miranda, and et al. 2021. "Nitric Oxide Modulates Metabolic Processes in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13: 7068. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22137068