The Role of RNA Secondary Structure in Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Chełkowska-Pauszek, Agnieszka; Kosiński, Jan Grzegorz; Marciniak, Klementyna; Wysocka, Marta; Bąkowska-Żywicka, Kamilla; Żywicki, Marek

doi:10.3390/ijms22157845

Open AccessReview

The Role of RNA Secondary Structure in Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

by

Agnieszka Chełkowska-Pauszek

^1,†

,

Jan Grzegorz Kosiński

^1,†

,

Klementyna Marciniak

^2,†,

Marta Wysocka

^1,†

,

Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka

^2,*

and

Marek Żywicki

^1,*

¹

Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland

²

Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These Authors contributed equally, listed alphabetically.

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 7845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157845

Submission received: 1 June 2021 / Revised: 10 July 2021 / Accepted: 12 July 2021 / Published: 22 July 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gene Expression Regulation in Microorganisms: Molecular Mechanisms, Systems and Synthetic Approaches)

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Abstract

Due to the high exposition to changing environmental conditions, bacteria have developed many mechanisms enabling immediate adjustments of gene expression. In many cases, the required speed and plasticity of the response are provided by RNA-dependent regulatory mechanisms. This is possible due to the very high dynamics and flexibility of an RNA structure, which provide the necessary sensitivity and specificity for efficient sensing and transduction of environmental signals. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge about known bacterial regulatory mechanisms which rely on RNA structure. To better understand the structure-driven modulation of gene expression, we describe the basic theory on RNA structure folding and dynamics. Next, we present examples of multiple mechanisms employed by RNA regulators in the control of bacterial transcription and translation.

Keywords: RNA structure; regulation of gene expression; ncRNAs; riboswitches; bacterial sRNAs

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chełkowska-Pauszek, A.; Kosiński, J.G.; Marciniak, K.; Wysocka, M.; Bąkowska-Żywicka, K.; Żywicki, M. The Role of RNA Secondary Structure in Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 7845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157845

AMA Style

Chełkowska-Pauszek A, Kosiński JG, Marciniak K, Wysocka M, Bąkowska-Żywicka K, Żywicki M. The Role of RNA Secondary Structure in Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(15):7845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157845

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chełkowska-Pauszek, Agnieszka, Jan Grzegorz Kosiński, Klementyna Marciniak, Marta Wysocka, Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka, and Marek Żywicki. 2021. "The Role of RNA Secondary Structure in Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15: 7845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157845

APA Style

Chełkowska-Pauszek, A., Kosiński, J. G., Marciniak, K., Wysocka, M., Bąkowska-Żywicka, K., & Żywicki, M. (2021). The Role of RNA Secondary Structure in Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(15), 7845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22157845

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The Role of RNA Secondary Structure in Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria

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