Ammonium Formate-Pd/C as a New Reducing System for 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. Synthesis of Guanidine Derivatives and Reductive Rearrangement to Quinazolin-4-Ones with Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Reduction Reactions
2.2. Inhibition Test of Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV (DPPIV) Enzyme
2.3. Inhibition Test of α-Glucosidase Enzyme
2.4. Cytotoxicity Assay and Evaluation of Intracellular Redox State
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. General Procedure for the Synthesis of N-Acylamidines, Quinazolin-4-(1H)-One, Acyl Guanidine and Diacyl Guanidine
4.3. General Procedure for the Synthesis of 2-(1,2,4 Oxadiazol-5-yl)Benzenamine 3
4.4. General Procedure for the Synthesis of N-Benzyl-2-(3-Phenyl-1,2,4-Oxadiazol-5-yl)Benzenamine 3m
4.5. DPPIV Activity Assay
4.6. α-Glucosidase Inhibition Test
4.7. MTS Assay
4.8. Analysis of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Entry | Solvent | Reducing Agent | Catalyst | T (°C) | Time | 2a Yield % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | THF | NH4CO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 25 °C | 48 h | NR 1 |
2 | Toluene | NH4CO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 25 °C | 48 h | NR 1 |
3 | AcOEt | NH4CO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 25 °C | 48 h | NR 1 |
4 | CHCl3 | NH4CO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 25 °C | 48 h | NR 1 |
5 | CH3CN | NH4CO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 25 °C | 48 h | NR 1 |
6 | MeOH | NH4CO2H | none | 25 °C | 48 h | NR 1 |
7 | MeOH | NH4CO2H | Zn | 25 °C | 48 h | NR 1 |
8 | MeOH | NH4CO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 25 °C | 48 h | 15% 2 |
9 | EtOH | NH4CO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 25 °C | 48 h | 10% 2 |
10 | MeOH | HCO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 25 °C | 48 h | 13% 2 |
11 | MeOH | HCO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 60 °C | 1 h | 78% 2 |
12 | MeOH | NH4CO2H | Pd/C (5%) | 60 °C | 1 h | 90% 2 |
Compound | Inhibition% (100 µM) | IC50 (µM) |
---|---|---|
2e | 37.3 | ND 1 |
2k | 79.3 | ND 1 |
2n | 82.7 | ND 1 |
4b | 83.2 | 0.157 |
4d | 83.9 | 0.038 |
4e | 87.1 | 0.619 |
4f | 82.4 | ND 1 |
4h | 79.1 | ND 1 |
4i | 72.5 | ND 1 |
4l | 98.0 | 0.436 |
Sitagliptin | 92.1 | 0.026 |
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Marzullo, P.; Vasto, S.; Buscemi, S.; Pace, A.; Nuzzo, D.; Palumbo Piccionello, A. Ammonium Formate-Pd/C as a New Reducing System for 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. Synthesis of Guanidine Derivatives and Reductive Rearrangement to Quinazolin-4-Ones with Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 12301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212301
Marzullo P, Vasto S, Buscemi S, Pace A, Nuzzo D, Palumbo Piccionello A. Ammonium Formate-Pd/C as a New Reducing System for 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. Synthesis of Guanidine Derivatives and Reductive Rearrangement to Quinazolin-4-Ones with Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(22):12301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212301
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarzullo, Paola, Sonya Vasto, Silvestre Buscemi, Andrea Pace, Domenico Nuzzo, and Antonio Palumbo Piccionello. 2021. "Ammonium Formate-Pd/C as a New Reducing System for 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles. Synthesis of Guanidine Derivatives and Reductive Rearrangement to Quinazolin-4-Ones with Potential Anti-Diabetic Activity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 22: 12301. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212301