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Review

Recent Highlights of Research on miRNAs as Early Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

by
Agnieszka Bielska
1,*,
Magdalena Niemira
1 and
Adam Kretowski
1,2
1
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
2
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(6), 3153; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063153
Submission received: 17 February 2021 / Revised: 12 March 2021 / Accepted: 16 March 2021 / Published: 19 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epigenetics, Exosomes, and MicroRNAs in Metabolic Disorders)

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications pose a serious threat to the life and health of patients around the world. The most dangerous complications of this disease are vascular complications. Microvascular complications of T2DM include retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. In turn, macrovascular complications include coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The currently used diagnostic methods do not ensure detection of the disease at an early stage, and they also do not predict the risk of developing specific complications. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous, noncoding molecules that are involved in key processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent research has assigned them an important role as potential biomarkers for detecting complications related to diabetes. We suggest that utilizing miRNAs can be a routine approach for early diagnosis and prognosis of diseases and may enable the development of better therapeutic approaches. In this paper, we conduct a review of the latest reports demonstrating the usefulness of miRNAs as biomarkers in the vascular complications of T2DM.
Keywords: diabetes; cardiovascular; complications; miRNA; biomarker diabetes; cardiovascular; complications; miRNA; biomarker

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bielska, A.; Niemira, M.; Kretowski, A. Recent Highlights of Research on miRNAs as Early Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 3153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063153

AMA Style

Bielska A, Niemira M, Kretowski A. Recent Highlights of Research on miRNAs as Early Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22(6):3153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063153

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bielska, Agnieszka, Magdalena Niemira, and Adam Kretowski. 2021. "Recent Highlights of Research on miRNAs as Early Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6: 3153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063153

APA Style

Bielska, A., Niemira, M., & Kretowski, A. (2021). Recent Highlights of Research on miRNAs as Early Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(6), 3153. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063153

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