Cellular Regulation of Kynurenic Acid-Induced Cell Apoptosis Pathways in AGS Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Prediction of the Binding of TOP1 with the Top Three Compounds Using Molecular Docking Analysis
2.2. KYNA Induces Cytotoxicity of Gastric Cancer Cells
2.3. KYNA Inhibits Cell Migration and Proliferation of AGS Cells
2.4. KYNA Induces Cell Cycle Arrest of AGS Cells
2.5. KYNA Induces Apoptosis and Affects the Nuclear Morphology of AGS Cells
2.6. KYNA Induces Extrinsic Apoptosis Pathway of AGS Cells
2.7. KYNA Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway of AGS Cells
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals and Reagents
4.2. Selection of Compounds and Molecular Docking Analysis
4.3. Cell Culture and KYNA Treatment
4.4. Cell Viability Assay
4.5. Wound Healing Assay
4.6. Colony Formation Assay
4.7. Analysis of Cell Cycle Distribution
4.8. Annexin V-Propidium Iodide Apoptosis Detection
4.9. Cell Morphological Change and DAPI Staining
4.10. Analysis of Protein Expression by Western Blot
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound-Protein | Interacting Amino Acid Residues | Final Intermolecular Energy |
---|---|---|
Caffeic acid | GLY496, GLU494, THR498, LYS493, THR501, VAL502 | −6.1 kcal/mol |
Chlorogenic acid | LYS284, GLU285, LEU373, ILE420, ASN419, THR417 | −6.4 kcal/mol |
Kynurenic acid | PRO229, AGR376 | −6.6 kcal/mol |
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Kim, H.H.; Jeong, S.H.; Ha, S.E.; Park, M.Y.; Bhosale, P.B.; Abusaliya, A.; Won, C.K.; Heo, J.D.; Kim, H.W.; Kim, G.S. Cellular Regulation of Kynurenic Acid-Induced Cell Apoptosis Pathways in AGS Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 8894. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23168894
Kim HH, Jeong SH, Ha SE, Park MY, Bhosale PB, Abusaliya A, Won CK, Heo JD, Kim HW, Kim GS. Cellular Regulation of Kynurenic Acid-Induced Cell Apoptosis Pathways in AGS Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(16):8894. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23168894
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Hun Hwan, Se Hyo Jeong, Sang Eun Ha, Min Yeong Park, Pritam Bhagwan Bhosale, Abuyaseer Abusaliya, Chung Kil Won, Jeong Doo Heo, Hyun Wook Kim, and Gon Sup Kim. 2022. "Cellular Regulation of Kynurenic Acid-Induced Cell Apoptosis Pathways in AGS Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16: 8894. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23168894