Distribution of KIR Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Different Viral Infectious Diseases: Frequency Study in Sicilian Population
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Studied Populations
4.2. Molecular Analysis
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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COVID-19 Ntot = 92 N (%) | HIV Ntot = 96 N (%) | HBV Ntot = 56 N (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Haplotypes | |||
AA | 24 (26) | 24 (25) | 11 (20) |
AB + BB | 68 (74) | 72 (75) | 45 (80) |
KIR activating genes | |||
2DS1 | 30 (33) | 33 (34) | 25 (45) |
2DS2 | 50 (54) | 58 (60) | 33 (59) |
2DS3 | 38 (41) | 34 (35) | 18 (32) |
2DS4 Full | 13 (14) | 10 (10) | 4 (7) |
2DS4 Del | 74 (80) | 79 (82) | 51 (91) |
2DS5 | 25 (21) | 27 (28) | 21 (38) |
3DS1 | 32 (35) | 31 (32) | 26 (46) |
KIR inhibitory genes | |||
2DL1 | 88 (96) | 89 (93) | 53 (95) |
2DL2 | 55 (60) | 58 (60) | 33 (59) |
2DL3 | 79 (86) | 73 (76) | 47 (84) |
2DL5A | 30 (33) | 31 (32) | 26 (46) |
2DL5B | 32 (35) | 30 (31) | 18 (32) |
3DL1 | 88 (96) | 88 (92) | 56 (100) |
HLA groups | |||
HLA-C1 | 77 (84) | 75 (75) | 36 (64) |
HLA-C2 | 64 (70) | 64 (67) | 48 (86) |
HLA Bw4 | 71 (77) | 77 (80) | 50 (89) |
| 20 (22) | 23 (24) | 14 (25) |
| 50 (54) | 52 (54) | 31 (55) |
| 22 (24) | 41 (32) | 32 (57) |
HLA-C1/HLA-C1 | 28 (30) | 32 (33) | 7 (13) |
HLA-C2/HLA-C2 | 15 (16) | 24(25) | 19 (34) |
HLA-C1/HLA-C2 | 49 (53) | 40 (42) | 29 (52) |
KIR–HLA combinations | |||
3DL1/HLA Bw4 | 67 (73) | 70 (73) | 50 (89) |
| 46 (50) | 44 (46) | 31 (55) |
| 18 (20) | 21 (22) | 14 (25) |
| 21 (23) | 29 (30) | 32 (57) |
3DS1/HLA Bw4 | 24 (26) | 23 (24) | 18 (32) |
| 20 (22) | 16 (80) | 12 (21) |
| 8 (9) | 10 (10) | 13 (23) |
2DL1/HLA-C2 | 60 (65) | 57 (39) | 46 (82) |
2DL2/HLA-C1 | 43 (47) | 39 (41) | 20 (36) |
2DL3/HLA-C1 | 64 (70) | 49 (51) | 30 (54) |
2DS1/HLA-C2 | 60 (21) | 15 (16) | 23 (41) |
2DS2/HLA-C1 | 38 (41) | 39 (41) | 20 (36) |
HC Ntot = 50 N (%) | COVID-19 vs. HC Crude-OR | p-Value | HIV vs. HC Crude-OR | p-Value | HBV vs. HC Crude-OR | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KIR activating genes | |||||||
2DS1 | 22 (44) | 1.62 | ns | 0.77 | ns | 1.03 | ns |
2DS2 | 27 (54) | 1.01 | ns | 1.30 | ns | 1.22 | ns |
2DS3 | 22 (44) | 0.89 | ns | 0.70 | ns | 0.60 | ns |
2DS4 | 46 (92) | 1.51 | ns | 1.10 | ns | 4.78 | ns |
2DS5 | 14 (28) | 0.96 | ns | 1.0 | ns | 1.54 | ns |
3DS1 | 20 (40) | 0.80 | ns | 0.71 | ns | 1.30 | ns |
KIR inhibitory genes | |||||||
2DL1 | 50 (100) | 0.00 | ns | 0.00 | ns | 0.00 | ns |
2DL2 | 30 (60) | 0.99 | ns | 1.02 | ns | 0.96 | ns |
2DL3 | 44 (88) | 0.83 | ns | 0.43 | ns | 0.71 | ns |
2DL5A | 26 (52) | 0.44 | 0.031 | 0.44 | 0.031 | 0.80 | ns |
2DL5B | 21 (42) | 0.74 | ns | 0.63 | ns | 0.65 | ns |
3DL1 | 45 (90) | 2.44 | ns | 1.22 | ns | ∞ | 0.021 |
HLA groups | |||||||
HLA-C1 | 27 (54) | 4.37 | 0.0003 | 2.55 | 0.015 | 1.53 | ns |
HLA-C2 | 23 (46) | 2.68 | 0.007 | 2.34 | 0.021 | 7.04 | <0.0001 |
HLA-B Bw4 | 17 (34) | 4.43 | <0.0001 | 3.88 | 0.0002 | 10.14 | <0.0001 |
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Ligotti, M.E.; Aiello, A.; Accardi, G.; Calabrò, A.; Ciaccio, M.; Colomba, C.; Di Bona, D.; Lo Sasso, B.; Pojero, F.; Tuttolomondo, A.; et al. Distribution of KIR Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Different Viral Infectious Diseases: Frequency Study in Sicilian Population. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 15466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415466
Ligotti ME, Aiello A, Accardi G, Calabrò A, Ciaccio M, Colomba C, Di Bona D, Lo Sasso B, Pojero F, Tuttolomondo A, et al. Distribution of KIR Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Different Viral Infectious Diseases: Frequency Study in Sicilian Population. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(24):15466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415466
Chicago/Turabian StyleLigotti, Mattia Emanuela, Anna Aiello, Giulia Accardi, Anna Calabrò, Marcello Ciaccio, Claudia Colomba, Danilo Di Bona, Bruna Lo Sasso, Fanny Pojero, Antonino Tuttolomondo, and et al. 2022. "Distribution of KIR Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Different Viral Infectious Diseases: Frequency Study in Sicilian Population" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 24: 15466. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415466