Modification of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Alterations in Subcellular Organelles by Ischemic Preconditioning
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Alterations in Cardiac SL and SR Ca2+-Transporting Activities Due to I/R
3. Subcellular Modification Due to Ischemic Preconditioning
3.1. Protection of the SL Defects
3.2. Protection for the SR Defects
3.3. Protection of the Mitochondrial Defects
3.4. Evidence for Attenuation of I/R-Induced SL and SR Defects by IP
4. Modification of I/R-Induced Defects in Signal Transduction
4.1. Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in IP-Induced Cardioprotection
4.2. Impact of IP on the Activation of Proteolysis
4.3. Role of Nrf2 Signal Transduction in IP-Induced Cardioprotection
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control | IP | I/R | IP + I/R | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Na+-K+-ATPase activity (µmol Pi/mg/h) | 15.0 ± 0.6 | 14.8 ± 0.8 | 11.3 ± 0.7 * | 15.4 ± 0.7 # |
Protein content (arbitrary units) | ||||
Na+-K+-ATPase α1 | 15.7 ± 1.3 | 15.0 ± 2.1 | 11.2 ± 1.4 * | 13.2 ± 1.8 |
Na+-K+-ATPase α2 | 7.3 ± 1.8 | 7.1 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.5 * | 6.2 ± 1.1 # |
Na+-K+-ATPase α3 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 0.8 ± 0.4 * | 1.4 ± 0.5 # |
mRNA expression levels (% of control arbitrary units) | ||||
Na+-K+-ATPase α1 | 100 | 140 ± 11 * | 79 ± 3 * | 95 ± 2 |
Na+-K+-ATPase α2 | 100 | 90 ± 5 | 51 ± 4 * | 78 ± 4 # |
Na+-K+-ATPase α3 | 100 | 100 ± 20 | 32 ± 5 * | 61 ± 12 # |
SR Ca2+-Release (nmol/mg/15 s) | Preischemia | Postischemia | Reperfusion |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 17.5 ± 5.1 | 2.0 ± 0.5 # | 2.5 ± 0.5 # |
Precondition | 6.7 ± 5.2 * | 7.3 ± 2.2 * | 11.2 ± 4.5 * |
SR Ca2+-uptake (nmol/mg/min) | |||
Control | 70.8 ± 8.1 | 8.0 ± 1.1 # | 9.5 ± 2.0 # |
Precondition | 38.6 ± 6.4 * | 28.3 ± 3.7 * | 24.5 ± 1.5 * |
SR Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity (nmol Pi/mg/min) | |||
Control | 199.8 ± 28.4 | 102.0 ± 20.4 @ | 65.5 ± 13.4 @ |
Precondition | 201.4 ± 16.9 | 203.5 ± 26.4 ! | 146.1 ± 19.6 ! |
A: mRNA Expression Levels (% of Control Arbitrary Units) | IP | I/R | IP + I/R |
---|---|---|---|
RyR | 68.2 ± 4.4 * | 35.7 ± 4.2 * | 72.1 ± 4.7 *,# |
SERCA | 76.9 ± 4.9 * | 70.8 ± 2.4 * | 90.3 ± 3.4 *,# |
PLB | 74.1 ± 3.2 * | 40.6 ± 3.6 * | 67.5 ± 4.8 *,# |
Calsequestrin | 100 ± 3.5 | 50.8 ± 4.5 * | 71.8 ± 6.4 *,# |
B: Relative protein content (% of control arbitrary units) | |||
RyR | 73.4 ± 8.2 * | 51.7 ± 9.1 # | 923 ± 8.6 * |
SERCA | 101.1 ± 18.1 | 45.4 ± 2.2 # | 81.2 ± 17.1 * |
PLB | 118.1 ± 19.2 | 100.3 ± 18.3 | 105.5 ± 19.4 |
Calsequestrin | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
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Tappia, P.S.; Shah, A.K.; Ramjiawan, B.; Dhalla, N.S. Modification of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Alterations in Subcellular Organelles by Ischemic Preconditioning. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3425. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073425
Tappia PS, Shah AK, Ramjiawan B, Dhalla NS. Modification of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Alterations in Subcellular Organelles by Ischemic Preconditioning. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(7):3425. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073425
Chicago/Turabian StyleTappia, Paramjit S., Anureet K. Shah, Bram Ramjiawan, and Naranjan S. Dhalla. 2022. "Modification of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Alterations in Subcellular Organelles by Ischemic Preconditioning" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7: 3425. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073425