Essential Protective Role of Catalytically Active Antibodies (Abzymes) with Redox Antioxidant Functions in Animals and Humans
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) Formation and Oxidative Damage of Biomolecules
3. Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants
4. Enzymatic Antioxidants
5. Natural Antibodies with Oxidoreductase Activities
5.1. Abzymes with Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Activity
5.2. Catalytic Immunoglobulins with Catalase-like (CAT) Activity
5.3. Catalytic Abs with Peroxidase and Peroxide-Independent Oxydoreductase Activities
6. Discussion
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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IgG Number | kcat, min−1 ** | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3,3’-diaminobenzidine (DAB) | ||||||
Healthy Donors | SLE Patients | MS Patients | ||||
+H2O2 | −H2O2 | +H2O2 | −H2O2 | +H2O2 | −H2O2 | |
Range | 51.6–92.8 | 41.8–58.0 | 56.3–154.0 | 134.4–165.1 | 30.1–70.7 | 21.8–61.8 |
Average value | 66.3 ± 12.0 | 52.1 ± 5.3 | 114.0 ± 33.2 | 111.8 ± 31.0 | 45.5 ± 12.2 | 27.7 ± 12.0 |
2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) | ||||||
Range | 54.7–97.4 | 36.6–69.5 | 170.1–655.2 | 170.2–430.8 | 95.0–174.6 | 19.4–98.2 |
Average value | 73.7 ± 12.0 | 50.5 ± 12.9 | 355.0 ± 164.5 | 271.4 ± 89.4 | 134.3 ± 32.5 | 59.8 ± 26.7 |
o-phenylenediamine (OPD) | ||||||
Range | 0.22–0.79 | 0.15–0.55 | 0.42–1.1 | 0.26–0.69 | 0.43–1.1 | 0.02–0.47 |
Average value | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 0.25 ± 012 | 0.77 ± 0.17 | 0.46 ± 0.13 | 0.67 ± 0.19 | 0.3 ± 0.15 |
homovanillic acid (HVA) | ||||||
Range | 11.5–27.9 | 0.0–0.0 | 0.13–1.1 | 0.0–0.0 | 0.24–0.31 | 0.0–0.0 |
Average value | 19.8 ± 5.6 | ~0.0 | 0.50 ± 0.27 | ~0.0 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | ~0.0 |
p-hydroquinone (pHQ) | ||||||
Range | 0.0–1.12 | 0.0–2.3 | 1.4–15.2 | 3.7–16.8 | 8.2–12.9 | 3.7–13.0 |
Average value | 0.21 ± 0.42 | 0.36 ± 0.79 | 8.7 ± 4.9 | 9.3 ± 4.5 | 10.4 ± 2.4 | 7.4 ± 4.9 |
IgG Number | Several Substrates in the Presence of H2O2; kcat, min−1 ** | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy Donors | SLE | |||||
α-Naphtol | 5-ASA | AEC | α-Naphtol | 5-ASA | AEC | |
Range | 0.0–26.9 | 0.0–2.0 | 25.2–48.9 | 6.3–39.7 | 0.4–16.4 | 65.2–155.2 |
Average value | 8.6 ± 8.5 | 0.48 ± 0.65 | 38.0 ± 8.5 | 18.9 ± 11.6 | 5.1 ± 4.6 | 91.3 ± 25.9 |
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Tolmacheva, A.S.; Nevinsky, G.A. Essential Protective Role of Catalytically Active Antibodies (Abzymes) with Redox Antioxidant Functions in Animals and Humans. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073898
Tolmacheva AS, Nevinsky GA. Essential Protective Role of Catalytically Active Antibodies (Abzymes) with Redox Antioxidant Functions in Animals and Humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(7):3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073898
Chicago/Turabian StyleTolmacheva, Anna S., and Georgy A. Nevinsky. 2022. "Essential Protective Role of Catalytically Active Antibodies (Abzymes) with Redox Antioxidant Functions in Animals and Humans" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7: 3898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073898