Mitochondrial Proteins Unveil the Mechanism by Which Physical Exercise Ameliorates Memory, Learning and Motor Activity in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Rat Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Swimming Exercise Promotes Motor and Cognitive Performance
2.2. Mitochondrial Proteins in the Cytoplasm of the Hippocampus
2.3. Mitochondrial Proteins in the Nuclei of the Hippocampus
2.4. Mitochondrial Proteins in the Cytoplasm of the Cerebral Cortex
2.5. Mitochondrial Proteins in the Nuclei of the Cerebral Cortex
2.6. Immunofluorescence Analysis of Proteins in the Motor Cortex
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals and Experimental Groups
4.2. Exercise Paradigm
4.3. Vertical Pole Motor Test
4.4. Morris Water Maze Test (MWM)
4.5. Western Blotting
4.6. Immunofluorescence
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AIF | Apoptosis-inducing factor |
Cyto. C | Cytochrome C |
Endo G | Endonuclease G |
HIE | Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy |
HIE, NT | Hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy with no exercise training |
HIE, T | Hypoxia ischemic encephalopathy with exercise training |
MFI | Mean fluorescence intensity |
MWM | MWM Morris water maze |
SHAM, NT | Sham group with no exercise training |
SHAM, T | Sham group with exercise training |
Smac | Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase |
OMM | Outer mitochondrial membrane |
OPA1 | Optic atrophy-1 |
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Gendi, F.; Pei, F.; Wang, Y.; Li, H.; Fu, J.; Chang, C. Mitochondrial Proteins Unveil the Mechanism by Which Physical Exercise Ameliorates Memory, Learning and Motor Activity in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Rat Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084235
Gendi F, Pei F, Wang Y, Li H, Fu J, Chang C. Mitochondrial Proteins Unveil the Mechanism by Which Physical Exercise Ameliorates Memory, Learning and Motor Activity in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Rat Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(8):4235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084235
Chicago/Turabian StyleGendi, Fred, Feifei Pei, Yuan Wang, Haoye Li, Jia Fu, and Cheng Chang. 2022. "Mitochondrial Proteins Unveil the Mechanism by Which Physical Exercise Ameliorates Memory, Learning and Motor Activity in Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Rat Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 8: 4235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084235