Recent Advances in Sandwich SERS Immunosensors for Cancer Detection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Sandwich SERS Immunosensors Structure
2.1. Principle of the Sandwich SERS Immunosensor and Construction
2.2. Solid- and Liquid-Phase SERS-Active Substrate
2.3. Nanospherical SERS-Active Particles
2.4. Preparation of Sandwich SERS Sensor
3. Application of Sandwich SERS Immunosensors
3.1. Cancer Detection and Analytical Performances
3.1.1. One-Component Analysis
PSA Detection
AFP Detection
CEA Detection
MUC4 and Interleukins Detection
Detection of Other Biomarkers
3.1.2. Two-Component Analysis
3.1.3. Analysis of Three or More Components
3.2. Sample Preparations
4. Detection Methods
4.1. Single Raman Reporters (RR)
4.2. Dual-Tag Systems
4.3. One-Component Analysis
4.4. Multiplexed Analysis
5. Application of Flow Techniques
5.1. Microfluidics Technique
5.2. Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC)
5.3. Lateral Flow Assay (LFA)
6. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref. | Biomarker (Multiplexing Ability) | Single Tag (St)/Dual Tag (Dt) (Raman Reporters) | Nanoparticles (NPs) | Platform | Dynamic Range | LOD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[43] | PSA | St (R6G) | Colloidal AuNPs | AuNP layer of the patterned substrate | - | - |
[27] | PSA | St (MBA) | Nano-Ag immune probes | Nano-Ag/Au immune substrate | - | 1.8 fg mL−1 |
[36] | PSA | St (MBA) | Silica-coated Ag nanorods (NRs) | Quartz slide with Ag nanorods (NRs) | 0.3 fg mL−1–3 µg mL−1 | 0.3 fg mL−1 |
[77] | PSA | St (MGITC) | AuNPs | Magnetic beads (MB) | 50 pg mL−1–200 ng mL−1 | 0.1 ng mL−1 |
[25] | PSA | St (1,4-BDT) | Au core–Au shell NPs | Au plate | 10 pg mL−1–10 ng mL−1 | 2.0 pg mL−1 |
[39] | PSA | St (TB) | ZnO and CoFe2O4 nanocomplexes with Au | Si@Ag substrate | 1 pg mL−1–10 ng mL−1 | 0.65 pg mL−1 |
[64] | PSA | St (GO) | AgNPs deposited on graphene oxide (GO–AgNP) | Polystyrene 96-well plate substrate | 0.5 pg mL−1–500 pg mL−1 | 0.23 pg mL−1 |
[78] | PSA | St (MGITC) | AuNPs | MB | 0.01 ng mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 0.01 ng mL−1 |
[58] | PSA | St (MBA) | AuNPs | Silver-NP-decorated electrospun polymeric fibers | 1–10 pg mL−1 | 1 pg mL−1 |
[50] | PSA | St (MBA) | Au seeds on Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell NPs | Ag-coated sandpaper | 10−4–10−12 g mL−1 | 0.014 mM |
[63] | PSA | St (DNTB) | AuNPs | Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) | 0.5 pg mL−1–1.0 μg mL−1 | 0.9 pg mL−1 |
[26] | AFP | St (MGITC) | Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) | Gold array | 0–10 ng mL−1 | 0–1 ng mL−1 |
[34] | AFP | St (MBA) | AuNPs | Glass slide modified with AuNPs | 1–100 ng mL−1 | 100 pg/mL |
[60] | AFP | St (MPBA) | AgNPs | Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) array | 1 ng mL−1–10 µg mL−1 | - |
[52] | AFP | St (MBA) | Core-shell SiO2@Ag | Ag-decorated NiCo2O4 nanorods | 2.1 fg mL−1–2.1 ng mL−1 | 2.1 fg mL−1 |
[41] | AFP | St (MBA) | Ag-covered polystyrene sphere (PS@Ag) | Deposited Si pyramid array (Si@Ag) substrate | 2 fg mL−1–200 ng mL−1 | 1.75 fg mL−1 |
[66] | AFP | St (MBA) | Silica-coated gold/silver core–shell nanostars (AuNS@Ag@SiO2) | Nitrocellulose (NC) membrane | 3 pg mL−1–3 µg mL−1 | 0.72 pg mL−1 |
[67] | AFP | St (MBA) | Nanosphere with a silver coating core (Au@Ag), ultrathin continuous silica (SiO2) shell, and high coverage of gold nanosphere (AuNP) satellites | Nitrocellulose (NC) membrane | 1 fg mL−1–1 ng mL−1 | 0.3 fg mL−1 |
[89] | AFP | St (MBA) | Gold-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag@AuNPs) | Boric-acid-functionalized magnetic silica particles | 1.0 ng mL−1–1.0 mg mL−1 | 1.0 ng mL−1 |
[71] | AFP | St (R6G) | Silver-coated gold nanocubes | Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) | 1 pg mL−1–10 ng mL−1 | 0.03 pg mL−1 |
[75] | CEA | St (MBA) | HGNs | Magnetic microspheres | 0 ng mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 10 pg mL−1 |
[87] | CEA | St (MBA) | AuNPs | Au-coated NiFe magnetic nanoparticles (NiFe@Au) | 0 ng mL−1–1 ng mL−1 | 0.1 pM |
[94] | CEA | St (MBA) | AuNPs | γ-Fe2O3@AuNPs | 1 ng mL−1–50 ng mL−1 | 0.1 ng mL−1 |
[33] | CEA | St (Nile blue) | AuNPs with polydopamine resin (PDR) | Chitosan-stabilized AuNPs on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) | 1 pg mL−1-100 ng mL−1 | 0.68 pg mL−1 |
[61] | CEA | St (MPBA) | AuNPs | Boronate affinity molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) array | 0.1 ng mL−1–1 mg mL−1 | 0.1 ng mL−1 |
[62] | CEA | St (ATP) | Gold nanostars (AuNSs) | Molecularly-imprinted polymer (MIP) film | 0–1000 ng mL−1 | 1.0 ng mL−1 |
[57] | CEA | St (MBA) | MoS2 nanoflowers@AuNPs | Fe3O4@AuNP-functionalized delaminated Ti3C2Tx MXene-magnetic supporting substrate | 0.0001–100.0 ng mL−1 | 0.033 pg mL−1 |
[8] | CEA | St (ATP) | AuNSs | Screen-printed electrode (Au-SPE) | 0.025–250 ng mL−1 | 0.025 ng mL−1 |
[54] | SCCA | St (MBA) | Gold nanocages (GNCs) | Gold-nanoparticle-coated polydopamine resin microspheres (PDR@GNPs) | 1 × 10−5 M–1 × 10−10 M | 7.16 pg mL−1 |
[47] | MUC4 | St (NBT) | AuNPs | Template-stripped gold (TSG) | 0 μg mL−1–1 μg mL−1 | 33 ng mL−1 |
[35] | MUC4 | St (NBT) | AuNPs | Glass chip with a gold layer | 0.1 μg mL−1–20 μg mL−1 | 0.1 μg mL−1 |
[90] | IL-6 | St (covalent conjugation of DTNB to a short MEG–OH and a longer TEG–CO2H group) | AuNPs | Gold/silver nanoshells (Au/AgNSs) | 1 pg mL−1–1 µg mL−1 | 1 pg mL−1 |
[9] | IL-6 | Dt (MBA, NTP) | Ag and AuNPs | Au and Ag hexagonal nanoarray | 0 pg mL−1–1000 pg mL−1 | 25.2 pg mL−1 |
[93] | IL-8 | St (MBA) | GNCs | Highly branched gold nanoparticle (HGNP) substrates | 10 pg mL−1–1 µg mL−1 | 6.04 pg mL−1 |
[44] | VEGF | St (MGITC) | AuNSs | Gold triangle nanoarray | 0.1 pg mL−1–10 ng mL−1 | 1.158 ng mL−1 |
[85] | BLV | St (DTNB) | Au rods | Magnetic gold NPs (MNP-Au) | 0 mg mL−1–0.06 mg mL−1 | 0.95 µg mL−1 |
[84] | HE4 | St (MBA) | AuNPs | Magnetic core–shell Fe3O4@AuNPs | 1 pg mL−1–10 ng mL−1 | 100 fg mL−1 |
[24] | HE4 | St (MGITC) | AuNPs | Gold (Au) nanoplate (NPl) | 0 M–10−9 M | 10−17 M |
[30] | HER2 | St (MGITC) | Gold/silver nanoshells | Gold electrode surface | 1 fg mL−1–100 pg mL−1 | 10 fg mL−1 |
[76] | tumor-derived exosomes | St (DTNB) | Gold core–silver shell nanorods (Au@AgNRs) | MB | 4.88 × 106–4.88 × 103 | 1200 exosomes |
[37] | metanephrine | St (pATP, CV) | AuNPs | Au films on microscope glass slides | 10−3 M–10−5 M | 10−4 M |
[70] | p53 | St (ATP) | AuNPs | Glass substrate | 10−10 M–10−17 M | 10−15 M |
[55] | hCE1 | St (MBA) | AgNPs | Raspberry-like morphology of Fe3O4@SiO2@AgNP magnetic nanocomposites | 0.1 ng mL−1–1.0 mg mL−1 | 0.1 ng mL−1 |
[56] | B7-H6 biomarker | St (ATP) | Spiky AuNPs | Au thin film modified with a self-assembled monolayer of zwitterionic L-cysteine | 10−10 M–10−14 M | 10−14 M (10.8 fg mL−1) |
[49] | FER | St (4MBA) | Gold (Au)-coated ‘stellate’ mesoporous SiO2@Au nanoprobe | Hydrophilic Ag-deposited sandpaper assembled with hydrophobic-treated filter paper (coffee-ring-free hydrophilic–hydrophobic substrate) | 1 × 10−5 g mL−1–3 × 10−13 g mL−1 | 3.16 × 10−14 g mL−1 |
[88] | MMP-9 | St (DTNB) | AgNPs | Fe3O4 microspheres (magnetic NPs) | 0 ng mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 1 pg mL−1 |
[59] | CA19–9 | St (MBA) | Immunoprobe of anti-CA19-9/4-MBA | Au nanowires (NWs) onto Fe3O4@TiO2 matrix | 1000 IU mL−1–0.001 IU mL−1 | 5.65 × 10−4 IU mL−1 |
[72] | CTCs | St (GO) | Gold–graphene hybrid nanotag (Au–rGO)/gold-reduced graphene oxide nanosystem) | Polycarbonate filter | 1 cell mL−1–100 cell mL−1 | 1 cell mL−1 |
[42] | ANG, AFP (2) | St (MGITC) | HGNs | Gold-patterned microarray chip | 0 g mL−1–10−4 g mL−1 | 0.1 pg mL−1 (ANG), 1.0 pg mL−1 (AFP) |
[73] | CEA, AFP (2) | St (MGITC, XRITC) | HGNs | MB | - | - |
[92] | CEA, AFP (2) | St (MBA) | AgNPs | 3D ordered silver nanoshell silica photonic crystal beads (Ag-SPCB) | 0.01 pg mL−1–1000 ng mL−1 (CEA), 0.1 pg mL−1–1000 ng mL−1 (AFP) | 6.6 × 10−6 ng mL−1 (CEA), 7.2 × 10−5 ng mL−1 (AFP) |
[31] | CEA, AFP (2) | St (MB, TMB) | AuNPs | Gold microelectrode array (GMA) | 0.01 ng mL−1–20 ng mL−1 (CEA), 0.02 ng mL−1 0–5 ng mL−1 (AFP) | 0.3 pg mL−1 (CEA), 0.6 pg mL−1 (AFP) |
[46] | CEA, AFP (2) | St (MBA, DTNB) | AuNSs | Ordered gold nanohoneycomb arrays | 0.5 ng mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 0.41 (CEA), 0.35 ng mL−1 (AFP) |
[32] | CEA, CK-19 (2) | St (THI, NBA) | AuNP-coated acid-based resin (AAR) microspheres | Electrode-modified chitosan-stabilized AuNPs | 0.05 ng mL−1–80 ng mL−1 | 0.01 ng mL−1 (CEA), 0.04 ng mL−1 (CK-19) |
[45] | CA 19-9, MMP-7 (2) | St (DSNB) | AuNPs | Array of exposed gold ‘wells’ | - | 2.28 pg mL−1 (MMP-7), 34.5 pg mL−1 (CA 19-9) |
[65] | PSA, Rac (2) | St (MBA) | Aggregated AgNPs | 96-Well polystyrene plates | - | 10−9 ng mL−1 (PSA), 10−6 (Rac) ng mL−1 |
[86] | CEA, NSE (2) | St (MBA, DTNB) | Flowerlike gold NPs | Gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles | 10 pg mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 1.48 pg mL−1 (CEA), 2.04 pg mL−1 (NSE) |
[53] | PSA, AFP (2) | St (NTP, MBA) | AgNPs coated on SiO2 nanospheres (SiO2@Ag) | Gold-film hemisphere array (Au-FHA) immune substrate | 10 fg mL−1–400 ng mL−1 | 3.38 (PSA), 4.87 (AFP) fg mL−1 |
[79] | CD19, CD20) (2) | St (MBA, (DNTB) | AgNPs | MB | 5000 cells mL−1–5 cells mL−1 | 5 cells mL−1 |
[38] | AFP, AFP-L3 (2) | Dt (MBA, DSNB) | AuNPs with DSNB | Silicon chips coated with Ag (Si/Ag/MBA) | 0.5 ng mL−1–1000 ng mL−1 | 0.5 ng mL−1 |
[82] | VEGF, IL-8 (2) | St (ABP, AAD) | AgNPs | MB | 1.0 fg mL−1–1 ng mL−1 | 1.0 fg mL−1 |
[68] | SCCA, CA125 (2) | St (ATP, DTNB) | Nano-Ag polydopamine nanospheres (PDA@Ag-NPs) | Nitrocellulose (NC) membrane | 10 pg mL−1–10 µg mL−1 | 7.156 pg mL−1 (SCCA), 7.182 pg mL−1 (CA125) |
[51] | SCCA, OPN (2) | Dt (MBA, DTNB, DMSA) | Au–Ag nanoshuttles (Au–AgNSs) | Hydrophobic filter-paper-based Au nanoflowers (AuNFs) | 10 pg mL−1–10 µg mL−1 | 8.628 pg/mL (SCCA), 4.388 pg/mL (OPN) |
[29] | SCCA, survivin (2) | St (DTNB, ATP) | Au–Ag nanoshells (Au–AgNSs) | Au–Ag nanobox (Au-AgNB) array substrate | 10 pg mL−1–10 µg mL−1 | 6 pg mL−1 (SCCA), 5 pg mL−1 (survivin) |
[74] | CEA, AFP, CA 125 (3) | St (3-MeOBT, 2-MeOBT, 2-NT)) | Nanotags with hybrid multilayered nanoshells prepared using layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of small silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at the surface of silica (SiO2) particles using poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) | MB | 0.1 ng mL−1–1 ng mL−1 | 0.1 pg mL−1 |
[69] | CA 15-3, CA 27-29, CEA (3) | St (NTP) | AuNSs | Quartz chip with punched wells | 0.1 ng mL−1–500 ng mL−1 | 0.99 U mL−1 (CA 15-3), 0.13 U mL−1 (CA 27-29), 0.05 ng mL−1 (CEA) |
[48] | PSA, AFP, CA19-9 (3) | St (MBA) | SiO2-coated Si nanoparticles | SiC@Ag substrate (Ag film sputtered on SiC sandpaper) | 0–5 mg mL−1 (PSA, AFP), 0–3 mg mL−1 (CA19-9) | 1.79 fg mL−1 (PSA), 0.46 fg mL−1 (AFP), 1.3 × 10−3 U mL−1 (CA19-9) |
[40] | PSA, PSMA, hK2 (3) | St (MBA) | AgNPs | SiC@Ag@Ag-NPs substrates | 10−5–101 ng mL−1 | 0.46 fg mL−1 (PSA), 1.05 fg mL−1 (PSMA), 0.67 fg mL−1 (hK2) |
[80] | AFP, CEA, FER (3) | St (OPE0, OPE2, MBN) | AuNPs | MB | 0.5 pg mL−1–500 pg mL−1 (AFP), 50 pg mL−1–2000 pg mL−1 (CEA), 10 pg mL−1–200 pg mL−1 (FER) | 0.15 pg mL−1 (AFP), 20 pg mL−1 (CEA), 4 pg mL−1 (FER) |
[91] | PSA, CEA, CA 19-9 (3) | St (MBA) | AuNPs | 2D arrays of gold core−silver shell nanoparticles (Au@Ag core–shell NPs) | 1 ng mL−1–1 pg mL−1 (PSA, CEA), 10–40 unit (U) mL−1 (CA19-9) | 1 pg mL−1 (PSA, CEA), 10 unit (U) mL−1 (CA 19-9) |
[83] | Glypican-1, EpCAMs), CD44V6 (3) | St (DTNB, MBA, TFMBA) | AuNPs | MB | 0–2.3 × 108 particles mL−1 | 2.3 × 106 particles mL−1 |
[28] | IL-6, IL-8, IL-18 (3) | St (DTNB, FC, MBA) | AuNPs | Ag–Au substrate | 0 ng mL−1–30 ng mL−1 | 2.3 pg mL−1, 6.5 pg mL−1, 4.2 pg mL−1 in a parallel, and 3.8 pg mL−1, 7.5 pg mL−1, 5.2 pg mL−1 in a simultaneous method for IL-6, IL-8 and IL-18, respectively |
[95] | PSA, AFP, CEA, NSA (4) | St (MBA) | AuNPs | Gold substrate modified by Au–S bond (Au–SNBs) | 1 ng mL−1–100 ng mL−1 | 10−12 mol mL−1 |
[81] | TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8 (5) | St (MBA, DTNB, TFMBA) | AuNPs with silver layers | MB | 0 pg mL−1–105 pg mL−1 (TNF-α) | 4.5 pg mL−1 (TNF-α) |
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Pollap, A.; Świt, P. Recent Advances in Sandwich SERS Immunosensors for Cancer Detection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 4740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094740
Pollap A, Świt P. Recent Advances in Sandwich SERS Immunosensors for Cancer Detection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(9):4740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094740
Chicago/Turabian StylePollap, Aleksandra, and Paweł Świt. 2022. "Recent Advances in Sandwich SERS Immunosensors for Cancer Detection" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9: 4740. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094740