The Role of Two Heart Biomarkers in IgA Nephropathy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Biomarker Measurement
4.2. Arterial Stiffness Measurement
4.3. Echocardiographic Measurement
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Limitations of the Study
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Clinical Data | All Patients (n = 90) | CKD 1-2 (n = 42) | CKD 3-5 (n = 48) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Male/female (n, %) | 50/40 (56/44) | 25/17 (60/40) | 25/23 (52/48) | NS |
Age (year) | 54.92 ± 14.47 | 49.69 ± 14.80 | 59.68 ± 12.69 | <0.001 |
Systolic/diastolic blood pressure (Hgmm) | 124/78 ± 13/8 | 122/77 ± 14/8 | 125/78 ± 13/7 | NS |
cfPWV (m/s) | 9.9 ± 2.33 | 9.2 ± 2.18 | 10.6 ± 2.29 | 0.004 |
Augmentation index (%) | 26.5 ± 13.68 | 25.7 ± 15.74 | 27.9 ± 11.63 | NS |
Aortic PP (Hgmm) | 38.4 ± 6.99 | 35.0 ± 3.46 | 43.5 ± 7.94 | NS |
Aortic Pressure (Hgmm) | 113.88 ± 12.8 | 111.33 ± 13,01 | 117.02 ± 12.72 | 0.044 |
Biomarkers | ||||
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 256.22 ± 404.72 | 173.22 ± 382.22 | 419.03 ± 775.07 | 0.035 |
CITP (ng/mL) | 0.185 ± 0.21 | 0.162 ± 0.13 | 0.185 ± 0.25 | NS |
Metabolic parameters | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.51 ± 5.75 | 27.57 ± 5.21 | 29.34 ± 6.17 | NS |
Obesity (n, %) | 60 (67) | 25 (60) | 35 (73) | NS |
Hypertension (n, %) | 78 (87) | 28 (67) | 43 (90) | 0.005 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 16 (18) | 3 (7) | 12 (25) | 0.013 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 32 (36) | 16 (38) | 16 (33) | NS |
Metabolic syndrome (n, %) | 66 (73) | 16 (38) | 23 (48) | NS |
Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
LV EF(%) | 63.42 ± 5.86 | 65.25 ± 5.39 | 63.18 ± 6.02 | NS |
LVMI (g/m2) | 102.76 ± 27.8 | 100.63 ± 22.37 | 111.07 ± 23.21 | 0.022 |
LVM (g) | 214.68 ± 62.2 | 234.4 ± 75.6 | 238.0 ± 51.26 | NS |
RWT | 0.436 ± 0.07 | 0.468 ± 0.08 | 0.472 ± 0.07 | NS |
LVH (n, %) | 41 (45) | 16 (38) | 25 (52) | NS |
DD (n/%) | 44 (49) | 18 (43) | 26 (54) | NS |
E/A | 1.03 ± 0.38 | 1.11 ± 0.39 | 0.98 ± 0.37 | NS |
Laboratory results | ||||
eGFR (mL/min) | 47.57 ± 23.24 | 72.61 ± 7.11 | 34.5 ± 16.32 | <0.001 |
MAU (mg/L) | 247.62 ± 312.78 | 111.32 ± 204.06 | 341.63 ± 345.01 | <0.001 |
Uric acid (umol/L) | 314.23 ± 83.72 | 300.79 ± 61.4 | 326.38 ± 98.92 | NS |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.93 ± 1.31 | 4.98 ± 1.36 | 4.89 ± 1.3 | NS |
HDL (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.42 | 1.42 ± 0.43 | 1.28 ± 0.41 | NS |
LDL (mmol) | 2.90 ± 1.14 | 2.94 ± 1.21 | 2.85 ± 1.09 | NS |
TG (mmol) | 1.85 ± 1.36 | 1.73 ± 1.47 | 1.97 ± 1.27 | NS |
Hb (g/dL) | 133.71 ± 28.68 | 144.16 ± 14.47 | 124.88 ± 34.65 | 0.001 |
eGFR | LVMI | Aortic PP | Central Aortic Systolic Pressure | PWVcf | Hb | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | r | p | |
NT-proBNP | −0.428 | <0.001 | 0.354 | <0.01 | 0.409 | <0.001 | 0.325 | <0.01 | 0.469 | 0.034 | 0.242 | 0.001 |
CITP | 0.048 | NS | 0.295 | <0.01 | 0.478 | <0.01 | 0.152 | NS | 0.312 | 0.011 | 0.102 | NS |
UNIVARIATE | MULTIVARIATE | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | B | Std. Error | Beta | t | p | Lower Bound 95% CI | Upper Bound 95% CI | B | Std. Error | Beta | t | p | Lower Bound 95% CI | Upper Bound 95% CI |
Age | 4.768 | 0.719 | 0.577 | 6.632 | 0.001 | 3.339 | 6.196 | −1.819 | 2.789 | −0.220 | −0.652 | 0.517 | −7.391 | 3.753 |
Gender | 159.748 | 64.864 | 0.254 | 2.463 | 0.016 | 30.844 | 288.652 | −228.633 | 73.573 | −0.363 | −3.108 | 0.003 | −375.612 | −81.654 |
HT | 268.648 | 44.819 | 0.543 | 5.994 | 0.001 | 179.551 | 357.744 | 23.082 | 126.902 | 0.047 | 0.182 | 0.856 | −230.434 | 276.598 |
DM | 267.687 | 115.015 | 0.243 | 2.327 | 0.022 | 39.046 | 496.328 | −19.403 | 102.033 | −0.018 | −0.190 | 0.850 | −223.239 | 184.432 |
BMI | 8.618 | 1.470 | 0.534 | 5.862 | 0.001 | 5.695 | 11.540 | −5.238 | 6.455 | −0.325 | −0.811 | 0.420 | −18.134 | 7.658 |
Dyslipidemia | 130.828 | 95.219 | 0.148 | 1.374 | 0.173 | −58.525 | 320.182 | −166.289 | 82.867 | −0.188 | −2.007 | 0.049 | −331.834 | −0.743 |
eGFR | 2.614 | 0.774 | 0.344 | 3.375 | 0.001 | 1.074 | 4.154 | −5.673 | 1.527 | −0.746 | −3.715 | 0.001 | −8.723 | −2.622 |
MAU | 0.453 | 0.123 | 0.385 | 3.688 | 0.001 | 0.208 | 0.697 | −0.130 | 0.138 | −0.111 | −0.944 | 0.349 | −0.406 | 0.145 |
PWVao | 30.825 | 5.149 | 0.549 | 5.987 | 0.001 | 20.584 | 41.065 | 14.585 | 18.203 | 0.260 | 0.801 | 0.426 | −21.779 | 50.949 |
DD | 196.064 | 41.935 | 0.461 | 4.675 | 0.001 | 112.626 | 279.502 | 62.255 | 92.598 | 0.146 | 0.672 | 0.504 | −122.731 | 247.241 |
LVMI | 2.665 | 0.370 | 0.623 | 7.206 | 0.001 | 1.929 | 3.401 | 7.725 | 1.513 | 1.805 | 5.107 | 0.001 | 4.703 | 10.748 |
UNIVARIATE | MULTIVARIATE | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parameter | B | Std. Error | Beta | t | p | Lower Bound 95% CI | Upper Bound 95% CI | B | Std. Error | Beta | t | p | Lower Bound 95% CI | Upper Bound 95% CI |
Age | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.638 | 6.980 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.242 | 0.556 | 0.580 | −0.003 | 0.006 |
Gender | 0.157 | 0.041 | 0.416 | 3.857 | 0.001 | 0.076 | 0.238 | −0.065 | 0.057 | −0.172 | −1.143 | 0.258 | −0.179 | 0.049 |
HT | 0.182 | 0.028 | 0.616 | 6.537 | 0.001 | 0.127 | 0.238 | 0.037 | 0.098 | 0.125 | 0.379 | 0.706 | −0.159 | 0.234 |
DM | 0.155 | 0.076 | 0.235 | 2.020 | 0.047 | 0.002 | 0.307 | −0.010 | 0.079 | −0.015 | −0.123 | 0.903 | −0.168 | 0.148 |
BMI | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.625 | 6.704 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.008 | −0.002 | 0.005 | −0.256 | −0.496 | 0.622 | −0.012 | 0.008 |
Dyslipdemia | 0.165 | 0.061 | 0.312 | 2.687 | 0.009 | 0.042 | 0.287 | −0.044 | 0.064 | −0.083 | −0.685 | 0.496 | −0.172 | 0.084 |
eGFR | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.609 | 6.329 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.172 | 0.664 | 0.509 | −0.002 | 0.003 |
MAU | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.370 | 3.191 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.000 | <−0.001 | 0.000 | −0.008 | −0.054 | 0.957 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
PWVao | 0.021 | 0.003 | 0.615 | 6.379 | 0.001 | 0.014 | 0.027 | −0.016 | 0.014 | −0.479 | −1.146 | 0.257 | −0.044 | 0.012 |
DD | 0.164 | 0.024 | 0.645 | 6.866 | 0.001 | 0.117 | 0.212 | 0.111 | 0.072 | 0.435 | 1.549 | 0.127 | −0.033 | 0.254 |
LVMI | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.655 | 7.154 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.656 | 1.438 | 0.156 | −0.001 | 0.004 |
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Sági, B.; Vas, T.; Jakabfi-Csepregi, R.; Horváth-Szalai, Z.; Kőszegi, T.; Csiky, B.; Nagy, J.; Kovács, T.J. The Role of Two Heart Biomarkers in IgA Nephropathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 10336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210336
Sági B, Vas T, Jakabfi-Csepregi R, Horváth-Szalai Z, Kőszegi T, Csiky B, Nagy J, Kovács TJ. The Role of Two Heart Biomarkers in IgA Nephropathy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(12):10336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210336
Chicago/Turabian StyleSági, Balázs, Tibor Vas, Rita Jakabfi-Csepregi, Zoltán Horváth-Szalai, Tamás Kőszegi, Botond Csiky, Judit Nagy, and Tibor József Kovács. 2023. "The Role of Two Heart Biomarkers in IgA Nephropathy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 12: 10336. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210336