Vomeronasal Receptors Associated with Circulating Estrogen Processing Chemosensory Cues in Semi-Aquatic Mammals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Morphological Observations and Histological Features of the VNO of Female Muskrats
2.2. Immunohistochemical Locations of V1R, V2R, ERα and ERβ in the VNO of Muskrats
2.3. The mRNA Expressions of v1r, v2r, erα and erβ in the VNO of the Muskrats
2.4. Concentration Profiles of 17β-Estradiol in the Female Muskrats
2.5. Transcriptome Data Characterization
2.6. Molecular Docking Stimulation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Macroscopic Anatomy and Histological Process
4.3. Immunohistochemical Process
4.4. RNA Isolation and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR)
4.5. Hormone Assay
4.6. Library Preparation for Transcriptome Sequencing
4.7. Transcriptome Analysis
4.8. Protein-Ligand Interaction Analysis
4.9. Morphometry and Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibodies | Breeding Season | Non-Breeding Season | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
SE | NSE | SE | NSE | |
V1R | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
V2R | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ |
ERα | +++ | +++ | + | ++ |
ERβ | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
Metabolite Compound | MS Platform | References |
---|---|---|
Muscone | GC-MS | [36,37] |
Cyclopentadecanone | GC-MS | [34,35,37] |
Cyclopentadecanol | GC-MS | [34,35,37] |
Palmitoleic acid | GC-MS | [35] |
Z-7-Hexadecenoic acid | GC-MS | [35] |
PC (16:0/16:0) | LC-MS | [35] |
Phosphatidylethanolamine | LC-MS | [35] |
LysoPC (16:0) | LC-MS | [35] |
Androsterone sulfate | LC-MS | [35] |
Dopamine | LC-MS | [35] |
Compound | Protein Name | Docking Score (KJ/mol) | Interacting Residues |
---|---|---|---|
Muscone | V1R | −5.5 | GLU-394 |
Androsterone sulfate | V1R | −6.6 | GLN-217 |
Muscone | V2R | −7.3 | TYP-57 |
SER-84 | |||
Androsterone sulfate | V2R | −8.1 | THR-83 |
GLU-14 |
Gene | Primer Sequence | Product Length (bp) | Accession Numbers |
---|---|---|---|
v1r | F: 5′-ATGCAGCACATCCTCACTCC-3′ | 205 | NM_001167146.1 |
R: 5′-AGATACTGGGGAAGACCGCA-3′ | |||
v2r | F: 5′-AAGGAGCCAGTTCTCACTGC-3′ | 285 | NM_001385059.1 |
R: 5′-TACATTCCGCACTGCACACA-3′ | |||
erα | F: 5′-CGACTATGCCTCTGGCTACC-2′ | 157 | NM_012689.1 |
R: 5′-TCATCATGCCCACTTCGTAA-2′ | |||
erβ | F: 5′-CCTTGGTGTGAAGCAAGATC-3′ | 286 | NM_012754.3 |
R: 5′-GGATCCACACTTGACCATTC-3′ | |||
actb | F: 5′-GACTCGTCGTACTCCTGCTT-3′ | 223 | NM_007393.5 |
R: 5′-AAGACCTCTATGCCAACACC-3′ |
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Xie, W.; Chen, M.; Shen, Y.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, H.; Weng, Q. Vomeronasal Receptors Associated with Circulating Estrogen Processing Chemosensory Cues in Semi-Aquatic Mammals. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 10724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310724
Xie W, Chen M, Shen Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Weng Q. Vomeronasal Receptors Associated with Circulating Estrogen Processing Chemosensory Cues in Semi-Aquatic Mammals. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(13):10724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310724
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Wenqian, Meiqi Chen, Yuyao Shen, Yuning Liu, Haolin Zhang, and Qiang Weng. 2023. "Vomeronasal Receptors Associated with Circulating Estrogen Processing Chemosensory Cues in Semi-Aquatic Mammals" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13: 10724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310724