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Review

Advancing Nerve Regeneration: Translational Perspectives of Tacrolimus (FK506)

1
Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg, BG Trauma Hospital, D-67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
2
Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
3
Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
4
Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
5
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
6
Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12771; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612771
Submission received: 13 July 2023 / Revised: 11 August 2023 / Accepted: 12 August 2023 / Published: 14 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plasticity of the Nervous System after Injury)

Abstract

Peripheral nerve injuries have far-reaching implications for individuals and society, leading to functional impairments, prolonged rehabilitation, and substantial socioeconomic burdens. Tacrolimus, a potent immunosuppressive drug known for its neuroregenerative properties, has emerged in experimental studies as a promising candidate to accelerate nerve fiber regeneration. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of tacrolimus by exploring the postulated mechanisms of action in relation to biological barriers to nerve injury recovery. By mapping both the preclinical and clinical evidence, the benefits and drawbacks of systemic tacrolimus administration and novel delivery systems for localized tacrolimus delivery after nerve injury are elucidated. Through synthesizing the current evidence, identifying practical barriers for clinical translation, and discussing potential strategies to overcome the translational gap, this review provides insights into the translational perspectives of tacrolimus as an adjunct therapy for nerve regeneration.
Keywords: tacrolimus; FK506; nerve regeneration; nerve injury; axon regeneration; clinical translation tacrolimus; FK506; nerve regeneration; nerve injury; axon regeneration; clinical translation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Daeschler, S.C.; Feinberg, K.; Harhaus, L.; Kneser, U.; Gordon, T.; Borschel, G.H. Advancing Nerve Regeneration: Translational Perspectives of Tacrolimus (FK506). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612771

AMA Style

Daeschler SC, Feinberg K, Harhaus L, Kneser U, Gordon T, Borschel GH. Advancing Nerve Regeneration: Translational Perspectives of Tacrolimus (FK506). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(16):12771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612771

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daeschler, Simeon C., Konstantin Feinberg, Leila Harhaus, Ulrich Kneser, Tessa Gordon, and Gregory H. Borschel. 2023. "Advancing Nerve Regeneration: Translational Perspectives of Tacrolimus (FK506)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16: 12771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612771

APA Style

Daeschler, S. C., Feinberg, K., Harhaus, L., Kneser, U., Gordon, T., & Borschel, G. H. (2023). Advancing Nerve Regeneration: Translational Perspectives of Tacrolimus (FK506). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(16), 12771. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612771

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