Next Article in Journal
The Role of Gender Differences and Menopause in Obesity-Related Renal Disease, Renal Inflammation and Lipotoxicity
Previous Article in Journal
Potential Role of Antibodies against Aquaporin-1 in Patients with Central Nervous System Demyelination
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 24
Issue 16
10.3390/ijms241612983
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis

by
Justyna Kuś
1,†,
Kamil Saramowicz
1,†,
Maria Czerniawska
1,
Wojciech Wiese
1,
Natalia Siwecka
1,
Wioletta Rozpędek-Kamińska
1,
Aleksandra Kucharska-Lusina
1,
Dominik Strzelecki
2 and
Ireneusz Majsterek
1,*
1
Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
2
Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12983; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612983
Submission received: 28 July 2023 / Revised: 17 August 2023 / Accepted: 18 August 2023 / Published: 19 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Neurobiology)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, although the aetiology of ADHD is not yet understood. One proposed theory for developing ADHD is N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) dysfunction. NMDARs are involved in regulating synaptic plasticity and memory function in the brain. Abnormal expression or polymorphism of some genes associated with ADHD results in NMDAR dysfunction. Correspondingly, NMDAR malfunction in animal models results in ADHD-like symptoms, such as impulsivity and hyperactivity. Currently, there are no drugs for ADHD that specifically target NMDARs. However, NMDAR-stabilizing drugs have shown promise in improving ADHD symptoms with fewer side effects than the currently most widely used psychostimulant in ADHD treatment, methylphenidate. In this review, we outline the molecular and genetic basis of NMDAR malfunction and how it affects the course of ADHD. We also present new therapeutic options related to treating ADHD by targeting NMDAR.
Keywords: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR); attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); synaptic plasticity; neurodevelopment; glutamate; long-term potentiation; long-term depression; genetic variants N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR); attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); synaptic plasticity; neurodevelopment; glutamate; long-term potentiation; long-term depression; genetic variants
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Kuś, J.; Saramowicz, K.; Czerniawska, M.; Wiese, W.; Siwecka, N.; Rozpędek-Kamińska, W.; Kucharska-Lusina, A.; Strzelecki, D.; Majsterek, I. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612983

AMA Style

Kuś J, Saramowicz K, Czerniawska M, Wiese W, Siwecka N, Rozpędek-Kamińska W, Kucharska-Lusina A, Strzelecki D, Majsterek I. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(16):12983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612983

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kuś, Justyna, Kamil Saramowicz, Maria Czerniawska, Wojciech Wiese, Natalia Siwecka, Wioletta Rozpędek-Kamińska, Aleksandra Kucharska-Lusina, Dominik Strzelecki, and Ireneusz Majsterek. 2023. "Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 16: 12983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612983

APA Style

Kuś, J., Saramowicz, K., Czerniawska, M., Wiese, W., Siwecka, N., Rozpędek-Kamińska, W., Kucharska-Lusina, A., Strzelecki, D., & Majsterek, I. (2023). Molecular Mechanisms Underlying NMDARs Dysfunction and Their Role in ADHD Pathogenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(16), 12983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612983

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop