Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Peripheral T Helper Cells Promoting the Development of IgG4-Related Disease by Enhancing B Cell Activation and Differentiation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Study Population
2.2. B and T Cell Proportions Are Increased in the Tissue of IgG4-RPF Patients
2.3. The Active B Cells Are Increased in the Tissue of IgG4-RPF Patients
2.4. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis Reveals Enrichment of Cell Activation, Cytokine Secretion, and Receptor Binding Pathways in Active B Cells
2.5. Tph Cells Are Increased in the Tissue of IgG4-RPF Patients
2.6. Tph Cells Were Increased in Both the Retroperitoneum Tissues and Salivary Glands in IgG4-RD Patients
2.7. Tph Cells Promote B Cell Differentiation by TIGIT-IL-21 Axis In Vitro
2.8. Peripheral Tph Cells and TIGIT+ Tph Cells Are Positively Correlated with IgG4-RD Activity
2.9. Tph Cell and B Cell Interactions Are Upregulated in IgG4-RPF
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients
4.2. ScRNA-Seq
4.2.1. Preparation of Single-Cell Suspensions
4.2.2. Data Acquisition and Quality Control of the Single Cells
4.2.3. Gene Analysis, Clustering, and Identification of the Single Cells
4.2.4. Pseudotime Analysis
4.2.5. Cell–Cell Communication Analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA)
4.3. Flow Cytometry
4.4. Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence Staining
4.5. Isolation of CD4+ T and B Cells and Cell Culture
4.6. Transfection of Small Interfering RNA (siRNA)
4.7. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
4.8. RNA Extraction and Real-Time Quantitative PCR
4.9. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Ji, Z.; Lu, W.; Wu, S.; Zhang, Y.; Meng, D.; Zhang, X.; Dai, X.; Chen, H.; Ma, L.; Sun, Y.; et al. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Peripheral T Helper Cells Promoting the Development of IgG4-Related Disease by Enhancing B Cell Activation and Differentiation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 13735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813735
Ji Z, Lu W, Wu S, Zhang Y, Meng D, Zhang X, Dai X, Chen H, Ma L, Sun Y, et al. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Peripheral T Helper Cells Promoting the Development of IgG4-Related Disease by Enhancing B Cell Activation and Differentiation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(18):13735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813735
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi, Zongfei, Weiqi Lu, Sifan Wu, Yong Zhang, Dan Meng, Xiao Zhang, Xiaojuan Dai, Huiyong Chen, Lili Ma, Ying Sun, and et al. 2023. "Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Peripheral T Helper Cells Promoting the Development of IgG4-Related Disease by Enhancing B Cell Activation and Differentiation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 18: 13735. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241813735