Adjustment in the Composition and Organization of Proteus mirabilis Lipids during the Swarming Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Expansion Rate, Behavior, and Visual Appearance of the P. mirabilis Swarm Colony
2.2. Alterations in the P. mirabilis Phospholipid Profile Occurring during Its Rods Elongation
2.3. Modifications in the P. mirabilis Fatty Acid Profile Occurring during Its Rods Elongation
2.4. Lipid Organization in the P. mirabilis Rods
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains
4.2. Swarm Plate Assay
4.3. Phase-Contrast Microscopy Imaging
4.4. Preparing Bacteria for Further Research
4.5. Extraction and Quantification of Bacterial Phospholipids
4.6. Isolation and Identification of Bacterial Fatty Acids
4.7. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Technique
4.8. Confocal Microscopy Imaging
4.9. Statistical and Other Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PL Species | P. mirabilis ATCC 29906 Cells | P. mirabilis 1984 Cells | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short-Form | Long-Form | Short-Form | Long-Form | |||
PE 30:0 | 4.13 ± 0.4 | 3.84 ± 0.4 | ns | 4.02 ± 0.2 | 3.64 ± 0.6 | ns |
PE 30:1 | 1.44 ± 0.1 | 1.84 ± 0.2 | ns | 0.88 ± 0.0 | 1.31 ± 0.2 | * |
PE 31:0 | 2.35 ± 0.1 | 0.18 ± 0.2 | *** | 2.12 ± 0.0 | 0.51 ± 0.5 | ** |
PE 32:0 | 2.90 ± 0.1 | 4.59 ± 0.5 | * | 3.79 ± 0.2 | 5.01 ± 1.7 | ns |
PE 32:1 | 14.6 ± 0.3 | 20.6 ± 0.4 | * | 13.1 ± 0.2 | 21.1 ± 0.4 | ** |
PE 32:2 | 0.33 ± 0.1 | 0.35 ± 0.3 | ns | 0.25 ± 0.0 | 0.86 ± 0.2 | ** |
PE 33:0 | 2.74 ± 0.1 | 0.11 ± 0.1 | *** | 2.80 ± 0.1 | 0.09 ± 0.0 | *** |
PE 33:1 | 23.5 ± 0.2 | 1.49 ± 0.2 | *** | 23.9 ± 0.5 | 0.63 ± 0.8 | *** |
PE 34:0 | 0.85 ± 0.1 | 1.17 ± 0.1 | * | 1.05 ± 0.1 | 1.46 ± 0.2 | ns |
PE 34:1 | 7.28 ± 0.7 | 12.4 ± 1.2 | ** | 9.61 ± 0.5 | 13.0 ± 1.4 | * |
PE 34:2 | 4.78 ± 0.8 | 11.3 ± 0.7 | ** | 2.20 ± 0.6 | 13.2 ± 0.5 | *** |
PE 36:0 | 0.15 ± 0.0 | 0.94 ± 0.3 | ** | 0.10 ± 0.0 | 0.65 ± 0.3 | *** |
PE 36:2 | 0.81 ± 0.2 | 1.30 ± 0.2 | ** | 0.82 ± 0.1 | 0.85 ± 0.5 | ns |
PE 37:2 | 1.54 ± 0.1 | 2.34 ± 0.2 | ** | 1.39 ± 0.0 | 1.95 ± 0.2 | ** |
PE 38:2 | 2.89 ± 0.3 | 0.07 ± 0.1 | *** | 3.20 ± 0.0 | 0.08 ± 0.1 | *** |
PG 28:1 | 1.59 ± 0.1 | 1.17 ± 0.4 | ns | 1.66 ± 0.1 | 1.24 ± 0.3 | * |
PG 29:2 | 0.91 ± 0.6 | 0.10 ± 0.7 | ns | 0.87 ± 0.0 | 0.37 ± 0.5 | ns |
PG 30:0 | 0.36 ± 0.1 | 0.98 ± 0.4 | * | 0.24 ± 0.0 | 1.02 ± 0.4 | ** |
PG 30:1 | 0.73 ± 0.1 | 1.08 ± 0.4 | ns | 1.23 ± 0.1 | 1.51 ± 0.6 | ns |
PG 30:2 | 5.09 ± 0.3 | 7.92 ± 0.2 | *** | 4.99 ± 0.6 | 7.77 ± 0.5 | *** |
PG 31:2 | 11.0 ± 0.6 | 0.81 ± 0.2 | *** | 10.9 ± 1.1 | 0.95 ± 0.4 | *** |
PG 32:1 | 2.11 ± 0.2 | 9.98 ± 1.5 | *** | 1.74 ± 0.1 | 8.14 ± 0.1 | *** |
PG 32:2 | 2.96 ± 0.3 | 5.30 ± 0.2 | * | 3.61 ± 0.4 | 5.32 ± 0.6 | * |
PG 33:1 | 2.94 ± 0.3 | 0.59 ± 0.3 | *** | 2.84 ± 0.3 | 0.65 ± 0.3 | *** |
PG 34:0 | 0.22 ± 0.0 | 0.85 ± 0.2 | *** | 0.27 ± 0.0 | 0.89 ± 0.2 | ** |
PG 34:1 | 1.86 ± 0.1 | 8.65 ± 1.2 | *** | 2.50 ± 0.1 | 7.80 ± 1.3 | *** |
PG/PE ratio | 0.43 ± 0.0 | 0.59 ± 0.2 | ns | 0.45 ± 0.0 | 0.54 ± 0.1 | ns |
DBI | 1.17 ± 0.0 | 1.17 ± 0.1 | ns | 1.14 ± 0.0 | 1.18 ± 0.2 | ns |
FAs | P. mirabilis ATCC 29906 Cells | P. mirabilis 1984 Cells | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short-Form | Long-Form | Short-Form | Long-Form | |||
C14:0 | 1.95 ± 0.3 | 2.04 ± 0.3 | ns | 1.95 ± 0.2 | 1.77 ± 0.1 | ns |
C15:0 | 0.88 ± 0.8 | 1.75 ± 0.2 | ns | 1.84 ± 0.1 | 1.47 ± 0.2 | ns |
iso-C16:0 | 1.64 ± 0.3 | 1.83 ± 0.2 | ns | 1.34 ± 0.3 | 1.48 ± 0.2 | ns |
C16:0 | 36.5 ± 1.1 | 36.5 ± 4.2 | ns | 39.0 ± 2.8 | 36.8 ± 0.7 | ns |
cis C16:1 | 2.37 ± 0.4 | 2.67 ± 0.5 | ns | 2.43 ± 0.1 | 2.05 ± 0.4 | ns |
C17:0 | 1.68 ± 0.3 | 1.93 ± 0.2 | ns | 1.63 ± 0.2 | 1.63 ± 0.2 | ns |
cy C17:0 | 3.01 ± 0.8 | 1.76 ± 0.3 | * | 3.89 ± 0.2 | 1.46 ± 0.2 | *** |
C18:0 | 44.0 ± 1.6 | 43.5 ± 4.3 | ns | 39.9 ± 3.5 | 46.0 ± 1.9 | * |
cis C18:1 | 2.52 ± 0.5 | 2.45 ± 0.3 | ns | 2.90 ± 0.4 | 2.18 ± 0.2 | ns |
C19:0 | 1.65 ± 0.3 | 1.19 ± 1.1 | ns | 1.39 ± 0.2 | 1.58 ± 0.2 | ns |
cy C19:0 | 1.90 ± 0.4 | 1.99 ± 0.3 | ns | 2.13 ± 0.1 | 1.66 ± 0.2 | ** |
C20:0 | 1.98 ± 0.4 | 2.32 ± 0.3 | ns | 1.64 ± 0.3 | 1.96 ± 0.2 | ns |
C16/C18 | 0.87 ± 0.0 | 0.89 ± 0.2 | ns | 1.00 ± 0.2 | 0.84 ± 0.0 | ns |
SFA | 90.2 ± 1.9 | 91.1 ± 1.2 | ns | 88.7 ± 0.7 | 92.6 ± 0.8 | *** |
UFA | 4.89 ± 0.9 | 5.12 ± 0.7 | ns | 5.33 ± 0.5 | 4.24 ± 0.5 | * |
UFA/SFA | 0.05 ± 0.0 | 0.06 ± 0.0 | ns | 0.06 ± 0.0 | 0.05 ± 0.0 | ns |
CFA | 4.91 ± 0.1 | 3.75 ± 0.5 | ns | 6.02 ± 0.2 | 3.12 ± 0.3 | *** |
CFA/UFA | 1.00 ± 0.0 | 0.73 ± 0.0 | *** | 1.13 ± 0.1 | 0.74 ± 0.1 | *** |
straight/branched-chain FAs | 9.20 ± 2.2 | 10.3 ± 1.6 | ns | 7.81 ± 0.5 | 12.6 ± 1.5 | * |
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Stolarek, P.; Bernat, P.; Różalski, A. Adjustment in the Composition and Organization of Proteus mirabilis Lipids during the Swarming Process. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 16461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216461
Stolarek P, Bernat P, Różalski A. Adjustment in the Composition and Organization of Proteus mirabilis Lipids during the Swarming Process. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(22):16461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216461
Chicago/Turabian StyleStolarek, Paulina, Przemysław Bernat, and Antoni Różalski. 2023. "Adjustment in the Composition and Organization of Proteus mirabilis Lipids during the Swarming Process" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 22: 16461. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216461