Role of FXR in Renal Physiology and Kidney Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Structure and Expression of FXR
3. The Ligands of FXR
4. The General Function of FXR
4.1. FXR and Bile Acid Metabolism
4.2. FXR and Glucose Metabolism
4.3. FXR and Lipid Metabolism
5. FXR and Renal Physiology
6. FXR and Kidney Diseases
6.1. Acute Kidney Injury
6.2. Chronic Kidney Disease
7. Conclusions and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nuclear Receptors | Official Symbol | Isoforms | Exon Count | Insertion | Organism |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FXRα | NRIH4 | FXRα1 FXRα2 FXRα3 FXRα4 | 11 11 9 9 | + − + − | Rodents and primates |
FXRβ | NRIH5 | Five splice variants were isolated, not named | 11 | / | Rodents |
Agonists | Clinical Trial Status | NCT Identifiers | Indication | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Obeticholic acid | FDA approved | NCT02308111 | PBC, PSC, NASH | [21] |
Phase II | NCT01585025 | |||
Phase III | NCT02548351 | |||
EDP-305 | Phase I Phase II | NCT03748628 | PBC, NASH | [22] |
NCT03394924 | ||||
MET409 | Phase II | NCT04702490 | NASH, T2DM | [27] |
Cilofexor | Phase II Phase III | NCT02781584 NCT03890120 | PBC, PSC, NASH | [24] |
Tropifexor (LY2562175/LJN452) | Phase II | NCT02516605 | PBC, NASH | [25] |
Nidufexor | Phase II | NCT03804879 | Diabetic Nephropathy | [26] |
TERN-101(LMB-763) | Phase II | NCT04328077 | NASH | [28] |
EDP-297 | Phase I | NCT04559126 | NASH | [30] |
PX-104 | Phase II | NCT01999101 | NAFLD | [32,33] |
Vonafexor (EYP001) | Phase II Phase II | NCT03812029 NCT04365933 | NASH Chronic Hepatitis B | [34] |
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Guo, Y.; Xie, G.; Zhang, X. Role of FXR in Renal Physiology and Kidney Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 2408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032408
Guo Y, Xie G, Zhang X. Role of FXR in Renal Physiology and Kidney Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(3):2408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032408
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Yanlin, Guixiang Xie, and Xiaoyan Zhang. 2023. "Role of FXR in Renal Physiology and Kidney Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3: 2408. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032408