Exosomes Derived from Adipose Stem Cells Enhance Bone Fracture Healing via the Activation of the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characterization of ASCs-exos
2.2. ASCs-exos Promote BMSC Osteogenesis Differentiation In Vivo
2.3. Successful Establishment of the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model
2.4. ASCs-exos Enhance T2DM-Delayed Fracture in Rat Model
2.5. ASCs-exos Activated the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in BMSCs under High-Glucose Conditions
2.6. The Activation of the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in BMSCs Treated with ASCs-exos under High-Glucose Conditions Can Be Inhibited via Dickkopf-Related Protein-1
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. The T2DM Rat Model of Fracture Establishment and Treatment
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Identification of ASCs
4.4. Exosome Uptake Assay
4.5. BMSC Osteogenic Differentiation
4.6. Immunofluorescence Analysis
4.7. ALP and Alizarin Red Staining
4.8. Radiographic and Histological Analysis
4.9. Western Blot Analysis
4.10. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhang, D.; Xiao, W.; Liu, C.; Wang, Z.; Liu, Y.; Yu, Y.; Jian, C.; Yu, A. Exosomes Derived from Adipose Stem Cells Enhance Bone Fracture Healing via the Activation of the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 4852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054852
Zhang D, Xiao W, Liu C, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yu Y, Jian C, Yu A. Exosomes Derived from Adipose Stem Cells Enhance Bone Fracture Healing via the Activation of the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(5):4852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054852
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Dong, Weidong Xiao, Changjiang Liu, Zheng Wang, Yuhang Liu, Yifeng Yu, Chao Jian, and Aixi Yu. 2023. "Exosomes Derived from Adipose Stem Cells Enhance Bone Fracture Healing via the Activation of the Wnt3a/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 5: 4852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054852