Marine-Derived Phosphoeleganin and Its Semisynthetic Derivative Decrease IL6 Levels and Improve Insulin Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Isolation and Purification of PE and Semisynthetic Approach for Obtaining PE/2 and PE/3
2.2. Role of Phosphoeleganin and Its Derivatives in Insulin Signaling
2.3. Role of Phosphoeleganin and Its Derivatives on Cytokine Secretion and Expression
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Collection, Extraction, and Fraction of the Ascidian S. elegans
4.3. Synthesis of PE/2 and PE/3 by Oxidative Cleavage of the Natural Metabolite
4.4. Cell Culture Procedures and Cell Proliferation
4.5. Western Blot Analysis
4.6. Luminex Assay
4.7. Real-Time RT-PCR Analysis
4.8. Determination of Glycogen Content
4.9. Statistical Procedures
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CTRL | PE | PE/2 | PE/3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IL1β | 1.02 ± 0.708 | 0.940 ± 0.589 | 1.23 ± 0.89 | 0.94 ± 0.59 |
IL1RA | 16.0 ± 13.7 | 12.1 ± 6.78 | 11.0 ± 7.49 | 11.8 ± 11.5 |
IL6 | 6.55 ± 0.39 | 4.82 ± 0.40 * | 4.90 ± 1.11 * | 6.67 ± 0.34 |
IL8 | 76.7 ± 17.5 | 55.6 ± 5.64 | 48.7 ± 17.4 * | 62.4 ± 1.43 |
IL6R | 33.3 ± 22.7 | 34.1 ± 19.2 | 16.3 ± 2.64 | 35.0 ± 23.1 |
CCL2 | 444 ± 126 | 376 ± 15.7 | 374 ± 320 | 611 ± 46.0 |
CCL3 | 6.24 ± 1.81 | 7.28 ± 1.80 | 11.0 ± 7.49 | 9.36 ± 1.78 |
INHIBIN | 71.3 ± 13.9 | 65.7 ± 25.8 | 73.3 ± 26.6 | 67.7 ± 15.5 |
VEGF | 178 ± 81.4 | 188 ± 94.4 | 161 ± 81.7 | 188 ± 88.6 |
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Agognon, A.L.; Casertano, M.; Vito, A.; Orso, S.; Cabaro, S.; Mormone, F.; Morelli, C.; Perruolo, G.; Formisano, P.; Menna, M.; et al. Marine-Derived Phosphoeleganin and Its Semisynthetic Derivative Decrease IL6 Levels and Improve Insulin Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25116039
Agognon AL, Casertano M, Vito A, Orso S, Cabaro S, Mormone F, Morelli C, Perruolo G, Formisano P, Menna M, et al. Marine-Derived Phosphoeleganin and Its Semisynthetic Derivative Decrease IL6 Levels and Improve Insulin Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(11):6039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25116039
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgognon, Ayewa L., Marcello Casertano, Alessio Vito, Sonia Orso, Serena Cabaro, Federica Mormone, Cristina Morelli, Giuseppe Perruolo, Pietro Formisano, Marialuisa Menna, and et al. 2024. "Marine-Derived Phosphoeleganin and Its Semisynthetic Derivative Decrease IL6 Levels and Improve Insulin Signaling in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11: 6039. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25116039