Antidepressant-like and Beneficial Effects of a Neoponcirin-Beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Mice Exposed to Prolonged Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Obtention and Analysis of the NEO/βCD Complex
2.1.1. Analysis by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of NEO/βCD
2.1.2. Analysis by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) Spectroscopy Methods of NEO/βCD
2.1.3. In Vitro Dissolution Study
2.2. Behavioral Evaluation of NEO/βCD
2.2.1. Oral Acute Antidepressant-Like Effects of NEO/βCD in the TST and the FST
2.2.2. Hole-Board and the FST to Measure the Effects of NEO/βCD on the Mice Subjected to Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS)
2.2.3. Corticosterone and Interleukin Levels in the Serum of Mice Subjected to CUMS
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Neoponcirin Isolation, Formation, and Characterization of the NEO/βCD Complex
4.1.1. Formation of the NEO/βCD Complex
4.1.2. NMR Study of the NEO/βCD Complex
4.1.3. Dissolution Study
4.2. Pharmacological Evaluation
4.2.1. Animals
4.2.2. Drugs
4.2.3. Tail Suspension Test (TST)
4.2.4. Forced Swimming Test (FST)
4.2.5. Open Field Test (OFT)
4.2.6. Hole Board Test (HBT)
4.2.7. Evaluation of the Oral Acute Effects of NEO/βCD in Despair Tests
- Experimental Design
4.2.8. Evaluation of the Chronic Effects of NEO/βCD in Animals Subjected to the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Test (CUMS)
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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1H NMR | Chemical Shifts (ppm) | 1H NMR | Chemical Shifts (ppm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
βCD | NEO/βCD | Δδ = δIC − δβCD | NEO | NEO/βCD | Δδ = δIC − δNEO | ||
H1 | 4.824 | 4.823 | −0.001 | H6, H8 | 6.137 | 6.127 | −0.009 |
H3 | 3.601 | 4.593 | −0.007 | H1′″ | 4.976 | 4.790 | −0.186 |
H5 | 3.662 | 4.643 | −0.018 | H6′″ | 1.082 | 1.068 | −0.014 |
Acute treatment (mg/kg) | Count number | Rearing number |
CTL | 48.37 ± 2.50 | 30.25 ± 1.69 |
CIM 25 | 55.25 ± 2.25 | 27.75 ± 2.11 |
NEO/βCD 4 | 51.87 ± 4.90 | 30.25 ± 1.65 |
NEO/βCD 8 | 45.50 ± 4.27 | 28.25 ± 1.53 |
NEO/βCD16 | 46.00 ± 4.03 | 30.25 ± 2.05 |
F(4,35) = 1.20, p = 0.32 | F(4,49) = 0.46, p = 0.76 | |
Chronic treatment (mg/kg/day) | Count number | Rearing number |
CTL | 52.12 ± 2.91 | 28.87 ± 1.77 |
FLX 2 | 47.00 ± 4.90 | 24.12 ± 2.25 |
NEO/βCD 4 | 49.62 ± 3.07 | 30.12 ± 2.01 |
NEO/βCD 8 | 50.60 ± 4.46 | 29.62 ± 1.78 |
F(3,28) = 0.30, p = 0.82 | F(3,28) = 1.96, p = 0.14 |
Treatment (mg/kg/day) | Corticosterone (ng/mL) | IL-1β (pM/mL) | IL-6 (pM/mL) |
---|---|---|---|
VEH | 1159.14 ± 184.83 | 798.83 ± 63.49 | 258.57 ± 20.01 |
FLX 2 | 139.50 ± 33.06 ** | 567.83 ± 42.16 ** | 291.55 ± 20.48 # |
NEO/βCD 2 | 303.14 ± 50.54 ** | 624.83 ± 28.63 * | 387.43 ± 35.80 # |
NEO/βCD 4 | 125.50 ± 32.55 ** | 587.29 ± 25.27 ** | 280.57 ± 17.37 |
H = 17.48, df = 3, p = 0.002 | F(3,20) = 6.11, p = 0.004 | F(3,20) = 6.27, p = 0.005 |
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López Méndez, L.J.; Martínez-Mota, L.; Cassani, J.; Mayagoitia-Novales, L.; Benítez-King, G.; Becerril-Villanueva, L.E.; Dorantes-Barrón, A.M.; Jurado-Hernández, N.; Estrada-Reyes, R. Antidepressant-like and Beneficial Effects of a Neoponcirin-Beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Mice Exposed to Prolonged Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158289
López Méndez LJ, Martínez-Mota L, Cassani J, Mayagoitia-Novales L, Benítez-King G, Becerril-Villanueva LE, Dorantes-Barrón AM, Jurado-Hernández N, Estrada-Reyes R. Antidepressant-like and Beneficial Effects of a Neoponcirin-Beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Mice Exposed to Prolonged Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(15):8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158289
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez Méndez, Luis José, Lucía Martínez-Mota, Julia Cassani, Lilian Mayagoitia-Novales, Gloria Benítez-King, Luis Enrique Becerril-Villanueva, Ana María Dorantes-Barrón, Noé Jurado-Hernández, and Rosa Estrada-Reyes. 2024. "Antidepressant-like and Beneficial Effects of a Neoponcirin-Beta-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex in Mice Exposed to Prolonged Stress" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 15: 8289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158289