Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatment on Skeletal Muscle Tissue Recovery in a Rat Model of Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy: Results from a Proteome Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Glucose Metabolism and Stress Response
2.2. TCA Cycle, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Oxidative Phosphorylation Pathways
2.3. Bioinformatic Analysis of Metabolic Pathways
2.4. Muscle Fiber Characterization
2.5. Contractile Proteins
2.6. Structural Proteins
2.7. Calcium Binding Proteins
2.8. Diseases and Biofunctions
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animal Housing and Ethic Statements
4.2. Study Design
4.3. Protein Extraction
4.4. LC-MS/MS Analysis
4.5. Bioinformatic Analysis
4.6. Immunoblotting
4.7. MyHC Fiber Composition
4.8. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group Name | Muscle Group Name | Number of Samples | Type I Collagenase Injection | PEMF Treatment | Start of PEMF Treatment (Days after Collagenase Injection) | Length of Treatment (Days) | Sacrifice and Muscle Extraction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PBS21 | 3 | NO | NO | -- | -- | Day 21 | |
PBS | PBS30 | 3 | NO | NO | -- | -- | Day 30 |
PBS45 | 3 | NO | NO | -- | -- | Day 45 | |
COL21 | 3 | YES | NO | -- | -- | Day 21 | |
COL | COL30 | 3 | YES | NO | -- | -- | Day 30 |
COL45 | 3 | YES | NO | -- | -- | Day 45 | |
PBS + PEMF21 | 3 | NO | YES | Day 7 | 15 | Day 21 | |
PBS + PEMF | PBS + PEMF30 | 3 | NO | YES | Day 15 | 15 | Day 30 |
PBS + PEMF45 | 3 | NO | YES | Day 15 | 30 | Day 45 | |
COL + PEMF21 | 3 | YES | YES | Day 7 | 15 | Day 21 | |
COL + PEMF | COL + PEMF30 | 3 | YES | YES | Day 15 | 15 | Day 30 |
COL + PEMF45 | 3 | YES | YES | Day 15 | 30 | Day 45 |
COL vs. PBS | COL + PEMF vs. COL | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 d | 30 d | 45 d | 21 d | 30 d | 45 d | |||
Extracellular matrix | P02454 | Col1a1 | 133.38 | −28.93 | 611.14 | 16.77 | −65.17 | −85.31 |
F1LS40 | Col1a2 | 169.30 | 15.46 | 809.56 | 47.85 | −81.78 | −91.15 | |
D3ZUL3 | Col6a1 | 28.86 | −21.04 | −21.69 | −24.96 | |||
F1LNH3 | Col6a2 | −27.56 | 88.99 | −29.89 | ||||
D3ZZT9 | Col14a1 | −31.25 | ||||||
Q9EQP5 | Prelp | −49.97 | ||||||
G3V6E7 | Fmod | −68.85 | −48.48 | |||||
P51886 | Lum | −29.79 | ||||||
P11762 | Lgals1 | −14.03 | ||||||
D3ZVB7 | Ogn | −10.65 | −46.80 | −62.60 | 75.52 | 44.45 | ||
Q5XIH1 | Aspn | 29.74 | −35.05 | |||||
Q01129 | Dcn | −38.72 | 77.06 | −27.85 | ||||
G3V9M6 | Fbn1 | 139.39 | −34.12 | |||||
Cytoskeletal | P60711 | Actb | −21.87 | 151.82 | −29.33 | |||
G3V8C3 | Vim | −66.07 | −40.97 | −26.47 | ||||
F7F9U6 | Plec | −25.41 | 35.01 | −33.90 | 43.35 | 40.22 | ||
Q6P725 | Des | 30.10 | 51.11 | 34.94 | 26.35 | |||
Q6P9V9 | Tuba1b | −8.67 | −13.82 | |||||
Q5XIF6 | Tuba4a | −20.32 | −18.15 | −25.49 | 15.73 | 27.77 | 56.35 | |
G3V7C6 | Tubb4b | −21.14 | −19.46 | 27.07 | ||||
A0A0G2JSM3 | Pdlim3 | 72.58 | 71.12 | −28.54 | ||||
G3V6P7 | Myh9 | −39.31 | 9.20 | |||||
G3V9G5 | Synm | −22.32 | 32.49 | |||||
P11530 | Dmd | −50.43 | −35.62 |
COL vs. PBS | COL + PEMF vs. COL | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 d | 30 d | 45 d | 21 d | 30 d | 45 d | |||
Calcium binding | P02625 | Pvalb | −57.84 | 260.72 | 23.61 | 24.72 | −82.80 | −90.03 |
F1LWG8 | Srl | −17.33 | −17.16 | 12.29 | ||||
P19633 | Casq1 | −10.17 | −38.84 | −48.52 | ||||
F1M944 | Casq2 | −53.03 | 60.38 | 124.76 | ||||
F1LMY4 | Ryr1 | −31.99 | −69.65 | −49.24 | ||||
Q6P9Y4 | Slc25a4 | 20.20 | 15.28 | 29.32 | ||||
G3V6H5 | Slc25a11 | −43.44 | −51.29 | 39.97 | 39.16 | |||
F1LX07 | Slc25a12 | −39.19 | −16.48 | −50.96 | ||||
Q64578 | Atp2a1 | 88.39 | 17.38 | 73.89 | −28.80 | −55.07 | −56.95 | |
P11507 | Atp2a2 | 14.99 | 77.83 | −36.49 | ||||
A0A0G2K9N9 | Atp2a3 | −58.84 | −43.85 | 45.25 |
Diseases and Biofunctions | COL vs. PBS | COL + PEMF vs. COL | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 d | 30 d | 45 d | 21 d | 30 d | 45 d | |
Cell death of muscle cells | 1.70 | 1.03 | 0.24 | −2.50 | −2.43 | −3.08 |
Necrosis of muscle | 1.02 | 1.30 | 0.02 | −2.65 | −2.23 | −2.71 |
Apoptosis of muscle cells | 1.53 | 1.19 | −0.18 | −2.58 | −2.16 | −2.75 |
Necrosis | 1.49 | 0.95 | 0.67 | −2.75 | −0.81 | −2.03 |
Apoptosis | 2.20 | 1.10 | −0.05 | −3.22 | −1.35 | −1.56 |
Survival of stem cell lines | −1.13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.83 | 2.24 |
Quantity of reactive oxygen species | 2.62 | 1.53 | 1.10 | −2.95 | −2.82 | N/A |
Synthesis of reactive oxygen species | 1.29 | 1.20 | 0.95 | −2.62 | −2.48 | −2.03 |
Metabolism of reactive oxygen species | 0.61 | 0.93 | 0.46 | −2.08 | −1.87 | −1.65 |
Concentration of lipid | 3.26 | 0.57 | 0.67 | −2.35 | −1.86 | −1.63 |
Concentration of fatty acid | 2.51 | 0.89 | 0.96 | N/A | −3.05 | −2.47 |
Oxidation of lipid | −1.43 | N/A | N/A | 2.15 | 0.92 | 1.52 |
Fatty acid metabolism | 1.09 | −0.16 | 2.12 | −0.04 | 0.40 | −0.94 |
Transmembrane potential of mitochondria | −2.60 | N/A | −2.43 | 1.39 | 1.53 | 1.25 |
Respiration of mitochondria | −1.41 | N/A | −1.02 | N/A | 2.00 | 1.95 |
Synthesis of ATP | −0.85 | −1.63 | −2.54 | 0.77 | 0.85 | −0.29 |
Fibrosis | −0.66 | −0.35 | −1.63 | −3.23 | 0.18 | −1.49 |
Production of lactic acid | 2.19 | N/A | N/A | −2.19 | N/A | N/A |
Quantity of Ca2+ | N/A | N/A | N/A | 2.19 | N/A | 2.36 |
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Torretta, E.; Moriggi, M.; Capitanio, D.; Orfei, C.P.; Raffo, V.; Setti, S.; Cadossi, R.; de Girolamo, L.; Gelfi, C. Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatment on Skeletal Muscle Tissue Recovery in a Rat Model of Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy: Results from a Proteome Analysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 8852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168852
Torretta E, Moriggi M, Capitanio D, Orfei CP, Raffo V, Setti S, Cadossi R, de Girolamo L, Gelfi C. Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatment on Skeletal Muscle Tissue Recovery in a Rat Model of Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy: Results from a Proteome Analysis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):8852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168852
Chicago/Turabian StyleTorretta, Enrica, Manuela Moriggi, Daniele Capitanio, Carlotta Perucca Orfei, Vincenzo Raffo, Stefania Setti, Ruggero Cadossi, Laura de Girolamo, and Cecilia Gelfi. 2024. "Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatment on Skeletal Muscle Tissue Recovery in a Rat Model of Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy: Results from a Proteome Analysis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8852. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168852