Relation of T Cell Profile with Vitamin D Receptor and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms in Atopy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Characteristics of the Studied Subject
2.2. Distribution of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of VDR and GC Genes
2.3. T Cell Profiles
2.4. Levels of Pro-Inflammatory (IL-5, IL-17A, IL-33) and Anti-Inflammatory (TGF-β1, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-35) Serum Cytokines
2.5. Association between T Cells, Cytokines, VDR, and GC SNPs in Atopy
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Sample Collection and Storage
4.3. Measurements of Total IgE, and Vitamin D
4.4. Evaluation of VDR and GC Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
4.5. Analysis of Peripheral Blood Cells and T Cell Profile
4.6. Measurements of Serum Cytokines
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CD4+ T cells | CD4 positive cells (T helper cells) |
CYP11A1 | The cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, known as cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme |
ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
GC | Vitamin D-binding proteine (VDBP) |
GINA | Global Initiative for Asthma |
IFN-γ | Interferon-γ |
IgE | Total immunoglobulin E |
IL | Interleukin |
PBMCs | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells |
SEM | Standard error of mean |
SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
TGF-β1 | Transforming growth factor-β1 |
Th | T helper cells |
Treg | T regulatory cells |
VDR | Vitamin D receptor |
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Atopic Dermatitis (n = 100) | Allergic Asthma (n = 85) | Control Group (n = 81) | |
---|---|---|---|
Male/female, n | 31/69 | 30/54 | 32/49 |
Age (years) | 29.51 ± 1 | 40.36 ± 1.5 | 35.57 ± 1.45 |
Total IgE, kU/L | 919.83 ± 213 ** | 692.72 ± 170 * | 24.99 ± 5.7 |
Blood eosinophils × 109/L | 0.40 ± 0.04 ** | 0.33 ± 0.06 ** | 0.06 ± 0.01 |
Vitamin D level, ng/mL | 24.11 ± 0.94 *ʃ | 18.37 ± 0.83 ** | 27.23 ± 1.21 |
Gene | SNP | Group | Genotype Frequency (%) | MAF | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VDR | rs731236 (TaqI) A > G | AA | AG | GG | G | |
Atopy | 33.1 | 55.2 | 11.6 | 39.2 | ||
Control | 26.0 | 62.3 | 11.7 | 42.8 | ||
rs7975232 (ApaI) A > C | AA | AC | CC | C | ||
Atopy | 26.5 | 48.6 | 24.9 | 49.2 | ||
Control | 25.9 | 46.9 | 27.2 | 49.4 | ||
rs1544410 (BsmI) C > T | CC | TC | TT | T | ||
Atopy | 42.2 | 45.9 | 11.9 | 34.9 | ||
Control | 39.2 | 48.1 | 12.7 | 36.7 | ||
rs2228570 (FokI) G > A | GG | GA | AA | A | ||
Atopy | 31.4 | 50.3 | 18.4 | 43.4 | ||
Control | 27.2 | 53.1 | 19.8 | 46.2 | ||
rs3847987 C > A | CC | CA | AA | A | ||
Atopy | 61.1 | 36.2 | 2.7 | 20.8 | ||
Control | 55.6 | 43.2 | 1.2 | 22.6 | ||
rs11168293 G > T | GG | GT | TT | T | ||
Atopy | 42.7 | 40.5 | 16.8 | 37.1 | ||
Control | 42.0 | 43.2 | 14.8 | 36.4 | ||
GC | rs4588 (Thr420Lys) G > T | GG | GT | TT | T | |
Atopy | 52.7 | 33.5 | 13.7 * | 30.5 | ||
Control | 53.2 | 43.0 | 3.8 | 25.3 | ||
rs7041(Asp432Glu) C > A | CC | AC | AA | A | ||
Atopy | 35.0 | 48.3 | 16.7 | 40.9 | ||
Control | 31.3 | 58.8 | 10.0 | 39.4 | ||
rs4725 (Cys299Cys) G > A | GG | GA | AA | A | ||
Atopy | 45.0 | 49.7 | 5.3 | 30.2 | ||
Control | 38.2 | 59.2 | 2.6 | 32.2 | ||
rs3733359 G > A | GG | GA | AA | A | ||
Atopy | 95.1 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 2.7 | ||
Control | 93.7 | 6.3 | 0 | 1.1 |
T Cell Subset, % from PBMC | Atopic Dermatitis (n = 32) | Allergic Asthma (n = 29) | Control Group (n = 25) |
---|---|---|---|
Th1 (CD4+IFN-γ+) | 5.78 ± 0.61 * | 5.88 ± 0.82 * | 3.39 ± 0.56 |
Th2 (CD4+IL-4+) | 1.51 ± 0.25 ** | 1.60 ± 0.85 ** | 0.57 ± 0.09 |
Th17 (CD4+IL17-A+) | 0.53 ± 0.25 * | 0.58 ± 0.13 * | 0.25 ± 0.04 |
Treg (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) | 0.48 ± 0.03 ** | 0.41 ± 0.02 ** | 0.65 ± 0.04 |
Th1/Th2 ratio | 0.21 ± 0.03 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.19 ± 0.02 |
Th17/Treg ratio | 0.54 ± 0.06 * | 0.65 ± 0.13 * | 0.32 ± 0.03 |
Serum Cytokine | Atopic Dermatitis | Allergic Asthma | Control Groupe |
---|---|---|---|
n = 98 | n = 43 | n = 34 | |
IL-5, pg/mL | 110.8 ± 8.55 ** | 104.1 ± 12.2 ** | 46.9 ± 5.32 |
IL-17A, pg/mL | 31.0 ± 2.81 * | 32.82 ± 5.56 * | 14.3 ± 1.34 |
IL-10, pg/mL | 15.48 ± 0.87 ** | 19.28 ± 1.18 * | 25.10 ± 2.41 |
TGF-β1, ng/mL | 18.8 ± 0.07 * | 18.2 ± 0.12 ** | 12.9 ± 0.09 |
n = 36 | n = 29 | n = 21 | |
IFN-γ, pg/mL | 0.74 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.29 | 0.71 ± 0.22 |
IL-35, pg/mL | 13.26 ± 1.56 | 15.18 ± 3.51 | 11.12 ± 0.44 |
IL-33, pg/ mL | 103.15 ± 31.21 | 81.76 ± 16.20 | 36.21 ± 10.64 |
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Bastyte, D.; Tamasauskiene, L.; Stakaitiene, I.; Briede, K.; Ugenskiene, R.; Valiukeviciene, S.; Gradauskiene, B. Relation of T Cell Profile with Vitamin D Receptor and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms in Atopy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169021
Bastyte D, Tamasauskiene L, Stakaitiene I, Briede K, Ugenskiene R, Valiukeviciene S, Gradauskiene B. Relation of T Cell Profile with Vitamin D Receptor and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms in Atopy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):9021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169021
Chicago/Turabian StyleBastyte, Daina, Laura Tamasauskiene, Ieva Stakaitiene, Kamilija Briede, Rasa Ugenskiene, Skaidra Valiukeviciene, and Brigita Gradauskiene. 2024. "Relation of T Cell Profile with Vitamin D Receptor and Vitamin D-Binding Protein Gene Polymorphisms in Atopy" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 9021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169021