Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potential of Xanthone-Rich Extracts from Gentiana dinarica and Gentiana utriculosa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in G. dinarica (Gd) and G. utriculosa (Gu) Extracts
2.2. DPPH Radical Scavenging
2.3. The Inhibitory Effect of Gd and Gu Extracts on α-Glucosidase
2.4. Antihyperglycemic Activity of the Gd and Gu Extracts on Oral Glucose-Loaded Rats
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Extraction and HPLC Analysis of Secondary Metabolites
4.3. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Free Radical-Scavenging Assay
4.4. The DPPH-HPLC Procedure
4.5. The Assessment of Inhibitory Effect of Gd and Gu Extracts on α-Glucosidase
4.6. Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity of Selected Gu and Gd Extracts In Vivo
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quantitative Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in Methanol Extracts of Gentiana dinarica | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extract | Swertiamarin (mg/g dw) | Gentiopicrin (mg/g dw) | Sweroside (mg/g dw) | Gentioside (mg/g dw) | Norswertianin (mg/g dw) | Norswertianin -1-O-primeveroside (mg/g dw) |
Gd1 | 39.82 ± 1.71 b | 55.88 ± 2.13 c | 10.52 ± 0.44 c | 0.49 ± 0.02 c | 0.26 ± 0.01 e | 4.31 ± 0.15 e |
Gd2 | 9.91 ± 0.34 c | 70.15 ± 2.76 b | 14.46 ± 0.53 b | 11.37 ± 0.51 a | 1.95 ± 0.081 c | 36.65 ± 1.66 c |
Gd3 | 57.47 ± 2.44 a | 109.95 ± 4.17 a | 21.89 ± 0.98 a | 6.79 ± 0.29 b | 0.63 ± 0.02 d | 9.51 ± 0.35 d |
Gd4 | 0.311 ± 0.09 c | 19.92 ± 0.84 b | 126.12 ± 5.31 a | |||
Gd5 | 39.36 ± 1.53 a | 131.08 ± 4.35 a | ||||
Gd6 | 33.78 ± 1.32 a | 114.86 ± 4.91 b |
Quantitative Analysis of Secondary Metabolites in Methanol Extracts of Gentiana utriculosa | |||
---|---|---|---|
Extract | Mangiferin (mg/g dw) | Decussatin (mg/g dw) | Decussatin -1-O-primeveroside (mg/g dw) |
Gu1 | 13.12 ± 0.56 b | 7.44 ± 0.31 d | 26.64 ± 1.06 c |
Gu2 | 18.73 ± 0.84 a | 46.91 ± 2.15 b | 38.33 ± 1.64 b |
Gu3 | 7.43 ± 0.29 c | 27.92 ± 1.22 c | 23.17 ± 1.06 d |
Gu4 | 58.91 ± 2.15 a | 107.77 ± 3.15 a |
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Jovanović, J.A.; Krstić-Milošević, D.; Vinterhalter, B.; Dinić, S.; Grdović, N.; Uskoković, A.; Rajić, J.; Đorđević, M.; Sarić, A.; Vidaković, M.; et al. Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potential of Xanthone-Rich Extracts from Gentiana dinarica and Gentiana utriculosa. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9066. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169066
Jovanović JA, Krstić-Milošević D, Vinterhalter B, Dinić S, Grdović N, Uskoković A, Rajić J, Đorđević M, Sarić A, Vidaković M, et al. Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potential of Xanthone-Rich Extracts from Gentiana dinarica and Gentiana utriculosa. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):9066. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169066
Chicago/Turabian StyleJovanović, Jelena Arambašić, Dijana Krstić-Milošević, Branka Vinterhalter, Svetlana Dinić, Nevena Grdović, Aleksandra Uskoković, Jovana Rajić, Marija Đorđević, Ana Sarić, Melita Vidaković, and et al. 2024. "Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potential of Xanthone-Rich Extracts from Gentiana dinarica and Gentiana utriculosa" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 9066. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169066