Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Ameliorates Cold-Stimulated Steroid-Resistant Asthma by Regulating Interactions among Microbiota, Genes, and Metabolites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Content Analysis of MCG
2.2. Combination of DEX and MCG Attenuated Lung Function Impairment
2.3. Combination of DEX and MCG Reduced the Proportion and Count of Neutrophils
2.4. Combination of DEX and MCG Modulated the Levels of Cytokines
2.5. Combination Treatment of DEX and MCG Alleviated Airway Remodeling and Mucus Hypersecretion
2.6. Combination of DEX and MCG Inhibited the Expression of MUC5AC and Enhanced the Expression of TJs
2.7. Combination of DEX and MCG Regulated the Gut Microbiota and Increased the Synthesis of SCFAs
2.8. Combination of DEX and MCG Regulated Gene Transcription Levels
2.9. Combination of DEX and MCG Modulated Metabolite Levels
2.10. Multi-Omics Integrated Analysis
2.11. Combination of DEX and MCG Inhibits Activation of the PI3K-Akt/MAPK Pathway
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials and Reagents
4.2. Preparation and Analysis of MCG
4.3. Animals and Grouping
4.4. Pulmonary Function Examination
4.5. Neutrophil Counting in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF)
4.6. Detection of LPS and Cytokines in Serum and BALF
4.7. Histopathologic Examination of Lung Inflammation and Mucus Hypersecretion
4.8. Detection of MUC5AC and Tight Junction Protein (TJ) Expression in Lung Tissues
4.9. Analysis of Microbiomics and Microbial Metabolites
4.10. Analysis of Transcriptomics
4.11. Analysis of Non-Target Metabolomics
4.12. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis
4.13. Verification of Key Pathways and Targets
4.14. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Tang, D.; Wang, C.; Liu, H.; Wu, J.; Tan, L.; Liu, S.; Lv, H.; Wang, C.; Wang, F.; Liu, J. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Ameliorates Cold-Stimulated Steroid-Resistant Asthma by Regulating Interactions among Microbiota, Genes, and Metabolites. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169110
Tang D, Wang C, Liu H, Wu J, Tan L, Liu S, Lv H, Wang C, Wang F, Liu J. Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Ameliorates Cold-Stimulated Steroid-Resistant Asthma by Regulating Interactions among Microbiota, Genes, and Metabolites. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):9110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169110
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Daohao, Chao Wang, Hanlin Liu, Junzhe Wu, Luying Tan, Sihan Liu, Haoming Lv, Cuizhu Wang, Fang Wang, and Jinping Liu. 2024. "Integrated Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Mountain-Cultivated Ginseng Ameliorates Cold-Stimulated Steroid-Resistant Asthma by Regulating Interactions among Microbiota, Genes, and Metabolites" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 9110. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169110