Dietary Exposure to Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues and Their Effects on Human Fertility and Embryo Development: A Global Overview
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Food Contaminants of Agricultural and Veterinary Origin
2.1. Pesticides
2.2. Drug Residues
3. Worldwide Distribution of Pesticides and Drugs Contaminants
3.1. Pesticides
3.2. Drug Residues
4. Routes of Exposure
4.1. Oral Exposure
4.2. Other Routes of Exposure
5. Impact of Pesticides and Drug Residues on Human Health at the Cellular Level
5.1. Pesticides
5.2. Drug Residues
6. Effects of Pesticide and Drug Residues on Human Fertility, Embryo Development and Transgenerational Inheritance
6.1. Adverse Effects on Female Fertility and Pregnancy
6.1.1. Pesticides
6.1.2. Antibiotics
6.2. Adverse Effects on Male Fertility
6.2.1. Pesticides
6.2.2. Antibiotics
7. Intergenerational and Transgenerational Effects
8. Concluding Remarks
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Colopi, A.; Guida, E.; Cacciotti, S.; Fuda, S.; Lampitto, M.; Onorato, A.; Zucchi, A.; Balistreri, C.R.; Grimaldi, P.; Barchi, M. Dietary Exposure to Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues and Their Effects on Human Fertility and Embryo Development: A Global Overview. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169116
Colopi A, Guida E, Cacciotti S, Fuda S, Lampitto M, Onorato A, Zucchi A, Balistreri CR, Grimaldi P, Barchi M. Dietary Exposure to Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues and Their Effects on Human Fertility and Embryo Development: A Global Overview. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(16):9116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169116
Chicago/Turabian StyleColopi, Ambra, Eugenia Guida, Silvia Cacciotti, Serena Fuda, Matteo Lampitto, Angelo Onorato, Alice Zucchi, Carmela Rita Balistreri, Paola Grimaldi, and Marco Barchi. 2024. "Dietary Exposure to Pesticide and Veterinary Drug Residues and Their Effects on Human Fertility and Embryo Development: A Global Overview" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 9116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25169116