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From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies
by
Ehsan Gharib
Ehsan Gharib 1,2,*
and
Gilles A. Robichaud
Gilles A. Robichaud 1,2,*
1
Département de Chimie et Biochimie, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
2
Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB E1C 8X3, Canada
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9463; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179463 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 29 July 2024
/
Revised: 19 August 2024
/
Accepted: 24 August 2024
/
Published: 30 August 2024
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant global health burden, with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Recent progress in research highlights the distinct clinical and molecular characteristics of colon versus rectal cancers, underscoring tumor location’s importance in treatment approaches. This article provides a comprehensive review of our current understanding of CRC epidemiology, risk factors, molecular pathogenesis, and management strategies. We also present the intricate cellular architecture of colonic crypts and their roles in intestinal homeostasis. Colorectal carcinogenesis multistep processes are also described, covering the conventional adenoma–carcinoma sequence, alternative serrated pathways, and the influential Vogelstein model, which proposes sequential APC, KRAS, and TP53 alterations as drivers. The consensus molecular CRC subtypes (CMS1-CMS4) are examined, shedding light on disease heterogeneity and personalized therapy implications.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gharib, E.; Robichaud, G.A.
From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9463.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179463
AMA Style
Gharib E, Robichaud GA.
From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9463.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179463
Chicago/Turabian Style
Gharib, Ehsan, and Gilles A. Robichaud.
2024. "From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9463.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179463
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