The Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Clinical Characteristics of AVF Dysfunction
3. The Pathophysiological Features of AVF Dysfunction
4. The Pathological Mechanisms Underlying Outward Remodeling Failure
4.1. Differentiated VSMC Proliferation
4.2. ECM Degradation, Deposit, and Rearrangement
4.3. Inflammation Infiltration
5. The Potential Mechanisms Underlying Excessive Inward Remodeling
5.1. Endothelia Cells
5.2. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
5.3. Myofibroblasts and Fibroblasts
5.4. Inflammatory Cell Infiltration
5.5. Bone-Marrow-Derived Cells
6. Outward Remodeling and Inward Remodeling: The Friends or the Foes?
7. The Potential Therapeutic Molecular Targets in AVF Dysfunction
8. Conclusions and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yan, R.; Song, A.; Zhang, C. The Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 9519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179519
Yan R, Song A, Zhang C. The Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(17):9519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179519
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Ruiwei, Anni Song, and Chun Zhang. 2024. "The Pathological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 17: 9519. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179519