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Advances in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease
 
 
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Volume 25
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10.3390/ijms251810222
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Review

Novel Insights into Diabetic Kidney Disease

by
Ewelina Młynarska
1,*,
Dominika Buławska
1,
Witold Czarnik
1,
Joanna Hajdys
1,
Gabriela Majchrowicz
1,
Filip Prusinowski
1,
Magdalena Stabrawa
1,
Jacek Rysz
2 and
Beata Franczyk
1
1
Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
2
Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10222; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810222
Submission received: 20 August 2024 / Revised: 20 September 2024 / Accepted: 21 September 2024 / Published: 23 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Second Edition)
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Abstract

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting over one-third of type 1 and nearly half of type 2 diabetes patients. As the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally, DKD develops through a complex interplay of chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Early detection is crucial, with diagnosis based on persistent albuminuria and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Treatment strategies emphasize comprehensive management, including glycemic control, blood pressure regulation, and the use of nephroprotective agents such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Ongoing research explores novel therapies targeting molecular pathways and non-coding RNAs. Preventive measures focus on rigorous control of hyperglycemia and hypertension, aiming to mitigate disease progression. Despite therapeutic advances, DKD remains a leading cause of ESRD, highlighting the need for continued research to identify new biomarkers and innovative treatments.
Keywords: diabetic kidney disease; pathogenesis; treatment; molecular mechanisms; chronic kidney disease; end-stage renal disease diabetic kidney disease; pathogenesis; treatment; molecular mechanisms; chronic kidney disease; end-stage renal disease

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MDPI and ACS Style

Młynarska, E.; Buławska, D.; Czarnik, W.; Hajdys, J.; Majchrowicz, G.; Prusinowski, F.; Stabrawa, M.; Rysz, J.; Franczyk, B. Novel Insights into Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10222. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810222

AMA Style

Młynarska E, Buławska D, Czarnik W, Hajdys J, Majchrowicz G, Prusinowski F, Stabrawa M, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Novel Insights into Diabetic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(18):10222. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810222

Chicago/Turabian Style

Młynarska, Ewelina, Dominika Buławska, Witold Czarnik, Joanna Hajdys, Gabriela Majchrowicz, Filip Prusinowski, Magdalena Stabrawa, Jacek Rysz, and Beata Franczyk. 2024. "Novel Insights into Diabetic Kidney Disease" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 18: 10222. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810222

APA Style

Młynarska, E., Buławska, D., Czarnik, W., Hajdys, J., Majchrowicz, G., Prusinowski, F., Stabrawa, M., Rysz, J., & Franczyk, B. (2024). Novel Insights into Diabetic Kidney Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(18), 10222. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810222

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