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Volume 25
Issue 19
10.3390/ijms251910448
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Developing 1,4-Diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin-substituted Fluorogens Based on GFP Chromophore for Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lysosome Staining

by
Daniil I. Rudik
1,2,
Maxim M. Perfilov
1,
Anatolii I. Sokolov
1,3,
Cheng Chen
4,
Nadezhda S. Baleeva
1,3,
Ivan N. Myasnyanko
1,3,
Alexander S. Mishin
1,
Chong Fang
4,
Yulia A. Bogdanova
1,3,* and
Mikhail S. Baranov
1,3
1
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia
2
Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, RUDN University, Miklukho-Maklaya 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
3
Laboratory of Medicinal Substances Chemistry, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, Moscow 117997, Russia
4
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10448; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910448
Submission received: 2 September 2024 / Revised: 20 September 2024 / Accepted: 26 September 2024 / Published: 27 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Biology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In the present study, we demonstrated that the introduction of a 1,4-diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin moiety into the arylidene part of GFP chromophore-derived compounds results in the formation of environment-sensitive fluorogens. The rationally designed and synthesized compounds exhibit remarkable solvent- and pH-dependence in fluorescence intensity. The solvent-dependent variation in fluorescence quantum yield makes it possible to use some of the proposed compounds as polarity sensors suitable for selective endoplasmic reticulum fluorescent labeling in living cells. Moreover, the pH-dependent emission intensity variation of other fluorogens makes them selective fluorescent labels for the lysosomes in living cells.
Keywords: green fluorescent protein (GFP); fluorogen; fluorescence microscopy; endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomes; bioimaging green fluorescent protein (GFP); fluorogen; fluorescence microscopy; endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomes; bioimaging

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rudik, D.I.; Perfilov, M.M.; Sokolov, A.I.; Chen, C.; Baleeva, N.S.; Myasnyanko, I.N.; Mishin, A.S.; Fang, C.; Bogdanova, Y.A.; Baranov, M.S. Developing 1,4-Diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin-substituted Fluorogens Based on GFP Chromophore for Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lysosome Staining. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 10448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910448

AMA Style

Rudik DI, Perfilov MM, Sokolov AI, Chen C, Baleeva NS, Myasnyanko IN, Mishin AS, Fang C, Bogdanova YA, Baranov MS. Developing 1,4-Diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin-substituted Fluorogens Based on GFP Chromophore for Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lysosome Staining. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(19):10448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910448

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rudik, Daniil I., Maxim M. Perfilov, Anatolii I. Sokolov, Cheng Chen, Nadezhda S. Baleeva, Ivan N. Myasnyanko, Alexander S. Mishin, Chong Fang, Yulia A. Bogdanova, and Mikhail S. Baranov. 2024. "Developing 1,4-Diethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalin-substituted Fluorogens Based on GFP Chromophore for Endoplasmic Reticulum and Lysosome Staining" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 19: 10448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910448

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