Acute-Phase Plasma Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Predicting Outcomes after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Elderly
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Clinical Characteristics of Elderly SAH Patients According to 3-Month Outcome
2.2. Acute-Phase Plasma PEDF Concentrations in Elderly SAH Patients
2.3. Independent Determinants for Poor Outcome in Elderly SAH Patients
3. Discussion
3.1. MCPs as a Biomarker
3.2. PEDF and Early Brain Injury (EBI)
3.3. Possible Significance of Elevated Acute-Phase Plasma PEDF Levels
3.4. Limitations of This Study
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Population
4.2. Clinical Variables
4.3. Measurement of Plasma PEDF
4.4. Statistical Analyses
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Appendix A
References
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Good (mRS 0–2) n = 15 | Poor (mRS 3–6) n = 41 | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, median (±25th–75th percentiles), years | 80.0 (78.0–83.0) | 81.0 (79.5–84.0) | 0.468 a |
Sex, female | 14 (93.3) | 34 (82.9) | 0.428 c |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension | 6 (40.0) | 22 (53.7) | 0.365 b |
Diabetes mellitus | 2 (13.3) | 7 (17.1) | 0.602 c |
Dyslipidemia | 2 (13.3) | 8 (19.5) | 0.713 c |
Current smoking | 2 (13.3) | 3 (7.3) | 0.602 c |
Family history of SAH | 0 | 5 (12.2) | 0.309 c |
Pre-onset mRS | 0.349 b | ||
0 | 13 (86.7) | 30 (73.2) | |
1 | 2 (13.3) | 6 (14.6) | |
2 | 0 | 5 (12.2) | |
Admission WFNS grade | 0.938 b | ||
I | 2 (13.3) | 4 (9.8) | |
II | 4 (26.7) | 10 (24.4) | |
III | 1 (6.7) | 2 (4.9) | |
IV | 5 (33.3) | 12 (29.3) | |
V | 3 (20.0) | 13 (31.7) | |
Modified Fisher grade | 0.012 b | ||
1 | 3 (20.0) | 2 (4.9) | |
2 | 0 | 1 (2.4) | |
3 | 9 (60.0) | 11 (26.8) | |
4 | 3 (20.0) | 27 (65.9) | |
Acute hydrocephalus | 7 (46.7) | 23 (56.1) | 0.531 b |
Ruptured AN location | |||
Anterior circulation | 14 (93.3) | 38 (92.7) | 1.000 c |
Posterior circulation | 1 (7.7) | 3 (7.3) | |
Cerebrospinal fluid drainage | 4 (26.7) | 13 (31.7) | 1.000 c |
Ventricular | 3 (20.0) | 13 (31.7) | 0.513 c |
Cisternal | 0 | 1 (2.4) | 1.000 c |
Spinal | 3 (20.0) | 1 (2.4) | 0.055 c |
Treatment modality | |||
Clipping | 9 (60.0) | 33 (80.5) | 0.165 c |
Coiling | 6 (40.0) | 8 (19.5) | |
Procedural complication | 5 (33.3) | 11 (26.8) | 0.741 c |
Prevention of DCI | |||
Fasudil hydrochloride | 14 (93.3) | 35 (85.4) | 0.661 c |
Cilostazol | 14 (92.3) | 32 (78.0) | 0.259 c |
EPA | 6 (40.0) | 13 (31.7) | 0.562 b |
Statin | 7 (46.7) | 9 (22.0) | 0.097 c |
Angiographic vasospasm | 4 (26.7) | 9 (22.0) | 0.730 c |
DCI | 0 | 8 (19.5) | 0.093 c |
Delayed cerebral infarction | 4 (26.7) | 15 (36.6) | 0.488 b |
CSDH | 4 (26.7) | 19 (46.3) | 0.185 b |
Multivariate Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|
aOR | 95.0% CI | p-Value | |
Age | 1.226 | 1.002–1.500 | 0.048 |
Modified Fisher grade | 3.944 | 1.196–13.009 | 0.024 |
Use of statin drug | 0.089 | 0.011–0.726 | 0.024 |
PEDF ≥ 12.6 µg/mL | 21.493 | 2.913–158.553 | 0.003 |
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Nampei, M.; Suzuki, Y.; Nakajima, H.; Oinaka, H.; Kawakita, F.; Suzuki, H.; pSEED Group. Acute-Phase Plasma Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Predicting Outcomes after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Elderly. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031701
Nampei M, Suzuki Y, Nakajima H, Oinaka H, Kawakita F, Suzuki H, pSEED Group. Acute-Phase Plasma Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Predicting Outcomes after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Elderly. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(3):1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031701
Chicago/Turabian StyleNampei, Mai, Yume Suzuki, Hideki Nakajima, Hiroki Oinaka, Fumihiro Kawakita, Hidenori Suzuki, and pSEED Group. 2024. "Acute-Phase Plasma Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Predicting Outcomes after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Elderly" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 3: 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031701