Benthic Marine Ciliate Assemblages from Southern Brazil and Their Relationship with Seasonality and Urbanization Level
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling
2.2. Environmental Parameters
2.3. Data Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Class | Urbanization Degree | Beaches | Density of Residences Close to the Collection Site |
---|---|---|---|
Urban with permanent population | High | Torres | High |
Urban with permanent population | High | Tramandaí | High |
Urban base for second residence | Intermediary | Arroio do Sal | Low |
Urban base for second residence | Intermediary | Bal. Pinhal | Low |
Pristine beaches | Low | Magistério | Very Low |
Pristine beaches | Low | Sta Rita | Very Low |
Dune Field | Almost null | Cidreira | Null |
Areas | Shared Taxa |
---|---|
High × Intermediary | Uroleptus |
High × Low | Strongylidium |
High × Null | Lacrymaria |
Intermediary × Low | Geleia |
High × Intermediary × Low | Apotrachelocerca, Holosthica, Nassula, Pseudoprorodon, Spirostomum, Stichotricha |
High × Intermediary × Low × Null | Amphisiella, Aspidisca, Chaenea, Chilodonella Coleps, Condylostoma Dysteria, Euplotes,Frontonia, Loxophyllum, Mesodinium, Pleuronema, Prorodon, Remanella, Sathrophilus, Strombidium, Trachelocerca, Trachelonema, Tracheloraphis, Uronema |
Degree of Urbanization | Exclusive Taxa |
High | Keronopsis, Metopus |
Intermediary | Aristerostoma, Stylonchia, Blepharisma |
Low | Tinntinopsis, Gruberia |
Descriptors | Urbanization | Season | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
F-Value | p-Value | F-Value | p-Value | |
Temperature | 0.2180 | 0.6603 | 290.1780 | 0.0001 |
Chlorophyll a | 0.0355 | 0.8580 | 5.0841 | 0.0101 |
Organic matter | 0.6369 | 0.4610 | 0.9918 | 0.4190 |
Species richness | 0.6377 | 0.4608 | 3.0878 | 0.0434 |
Species diversity | 0.0022 | 0.9647 | 2.9976 | 0.0480 |
Conductivity | 0.0600 | 0.8122 | 180.2800 | 0.0001 |
Tukey’s Post-Hoc | ||||
Temperature | All contrasts significant (p < 0.0001) | |||
Chlorophyll a | W-Sp (p = 0.0026), W-Su (p = 0.0104), W-A (p = 0.001) | |||
Species richness | W-Su (p = 0.0262), W-A (p = 0.016) | |||
Species diversity | A-Su (p = 0.0088) | |||
Conductivity | All contrasts significant (p < 0.0001), except A-Sp |
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Tarragô, L.D.; Ferreira, P.M.A.; Utz, L.R.P. Benthic Marine Ciliate Assemblages from Southern Brazil and Their Relationship with Seasonality and Urbanization Level. Diversity 2020, 12, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12010016
Tarragô LD, Ferreira PMA, Utz LRP. Benthic Marine Ciliate Assemblages from Southern Brazil and Their Relationship with Seasonality and Urbanization Level. Diversity. 2020; 12(1):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12010016
Chicago/Turabian StyleTarragô, Luana D., Pedro M. A. Ferreira, and Laura R. P. Utz. 2020. "Benthic Marine Ciliate Assemblages from Southern Brazil and Their Relationship with Seasonality and Urbanization Level" Diversity 12, no. 1: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12010016