Fish Assemblage Structure in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Is Associated with the Architectural Complexity of Coral-Reef Habitats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fish and Benthic Imagery Surveys
2.2. Generation of 3D Models
2.3. Extraction of Habitat Metrics
2.4. Estimation of Benthic Cover
2.5. Data Analyses
2.5.1. Data Preparation
2.5.2. Univariate Analysis
2.5.3. Multivariate Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Depth | VRM 1 cm | VRM Deviation 4 cm | Curvature Range | VRM 1 cm × Curvature Range | Acropora | Pocillopora | sd (loc) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
total abundance | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.63 (0.25–1.50) |
species richness | - | 0.04 (−0.04–0.11) | 0.07 * (0.00–0.14) | −0.02 (−0.09–0.06) | −0.12 * (−0.24–0.00) | - | - | 0.18 (0.05–0.45) |
planktivores | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.39 (0.59–3.33) |
herbivores | −0.03 * (−0.06–−0.01) | 0.39 * (0.18–0.60) | 0.48 * (0.27–0.71) | −0.03 −0.23–0.18 | −0.39 * (−0.72–−0.06) | - | - | 0.38 (0.04–1.05) |
invertivores | −0.02 * (−0.04–0.00) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.23 (0.03–0.61) |
corallivores | - | 0.58 * (0.31–0.87) | 0.19 (−0.09–0.47) | - | - | 5.33 * (2.17–8.69) | 14.18 * (4.81–25.78) | 0.32 (0.02–0.93) |
piscivores | - | 0.38 * (0.13–0.65) | 0.23 (−0.01–0.48) | 0.25 * (0.02–0.48) | - | - | - | 0.19 (0.01–0.67) |
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Variables | Explained SS | Pseudo-F | P | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
location | 42,474 | 4.650 | 0.0002 | 0.239 |
+depth | 16,720 | 10.302 | 0.0002 | 0.333 |
+standardized VRM 1 cm | 3680 | 2.308 | 0.0060 | 0.354 |
+standardized VRM deviation 4 cm | 10,597 | 7.221 | 0.0002 | 0.414 |
+standardized curvature range | 3202 | 2.220 | 0.0026 | 0.432 |
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Fukunaga, A.; Kosaki, R.K.; Pascoe, K.H.; Burns, J.H.R. Fish Assemblage Structure in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Is Associated with the Architectural Complexity of Coral-Reef Habitats. Diversity 2020, 12, 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12110430
Fukunaga A, Kosaki RK, Pascoe KH, Burns JHR. Fish Assemblage Structure in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Is Associated with the Architectural Complexity of Coral-Reef Habitats. Diversity. 2020; 12(11):430. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12110430
Chicago/Turabian StyleFukunaga, Atsuko, Randall K. Kosaki, Kailey H. Pascoe, and John H. R. Burns. 2020. "Fish Assemblage Structure in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Is Associated with the Architectural Complexity of Coral-Reef Habitats" Diversity 12, no. 11: 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12110430