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Diversity
Volume 13
Issue 11
10.3390/d13110550
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Article

Floral Trait and Mycorrhizal Similarity between an Endangered Orchid and Its Natural Hybrid

by
Jacopo Calevo
1,2,3,*,
Miriam Bazzicalupo
4,
Martino Adamo
1,
Francesco Saverio Robustelli della Cuna
5,
Samuele Voyron
1,6,
Mariangela Girlanda
1,6,
Karl J. Duffy
2,
Annalisa Giovannini
7 and
Laura Cornara
4
1
Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
2
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
3
School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
4
Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
5
DDS—Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
6
Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, UOS Turin (CNR-IPSP), Viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
7
Centro di ricerca Orticoltura e Florovivaismo (CREA-OF), Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diversity 2021, 13(11), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110550
Submission received: 7 October 2021 / Revised: 26 October 2021 / Accepted: 28 October 2021 / Published: 30 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Biodiversity Conservation)
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Abstract

Hybridization can often lead to the formation of novel taxa which can have traits that resemble either or both parental species. Determining the similarity of hybrid traits to parental taxa is particularly important in plant conservation, as hybrids that form between rare and common taxa may more closely resemble a rare parental species, thereby putting the rare parental taxon at further risk of extinction via increased backcrossing and introgression. We investigated the floral (morphological and chemical) traits and orchid mycorrhizal (OrM) fungal associations of the endangered orchid Orchis patens, its more common sister species O. provincialis, and their natural hybrid O. × fallax in natural sympatric populations. We found that both morphological and chemical floral traits of O. × fallax are shared by the parents but are more similar to O. patens than O. provincialis. OrM fungi were shared among all three taxa, indicating that the availability of OrM fungi should not represent a barrier to establishment of individuals of any of these taxa. These results suggest that O. × fallax may be able to expand its distribution within a similar niche to O. patens. This highlights the importance of quantifying differences between hybrids and parental taxon in species conservation planning.
Keywords: Orchidaceae; essential oils; mycorrhizal fungi; hybridization; floral morphology; osmophores; conservation Orchidaceae; essential oils; mycorrhizal fungi; hybridization; floral morphology; osmophores; conservation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Calevo, J.; Bazzicalupo, M.; Adamo, M.; Robustelli della Cuna, F.S.; Voyron, S.; Girlanda, M.; Duffy, K.J.; Giovannini, A.; Cornara, L. Floral Trait and Mycorrhizal Similarity between an Endangered Orchid and Its Natural Hybrid. Diversity 2021, 13, 550. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110550

AMA Style

Calevo J, Bazzicalupo M, Adamo M, Robustelli della Cuna FS, Voyron S, Girlanda M, Duffy KJ, Giovannini A, Cornara L. Floral Trait and Mycorrhizal Similarity between an Endangered Orchid and Its Natural Hybrid. Diversity. 2021; 13(11):550. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110550

Chicago/Turabian Style

Calevo, Jacopo, Miriam Bazzicalupo, Martino Adamo, Francesco Saverio Robustelli della Cuna, Samuele Voyron, Mariangela Girlanda, Karl J. Duffy, Annalisa Giovannini, and Laura Cornara. 2021. "Floral Trait and Mycorrhizal Similarity between an Endangered Orchid and Its Natural Hybrid" Diversity 13, no. 11: 550. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110550

APA Style

Calevo, J., Bazzicalupo, M., Adamo, M., Robustelli della Cuna, F. S., Voyron, S., Girlanda, M., Duffy, K. J., Giovannini, A., & Cornara, L. (2021). Floral Trait and Mycorrhizal Similarity between an Endangered Orchid and Its Natural Hybrid. Diversity, 13(11), 550. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13110550

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